ENCODING TIME: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR

编码时间：行为的动态分析

• 批准号: 2246227
• 负责人: AVIS H COHEN
• 金额: $ 14.55万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2246227
• 关键词: ENCODING; TIME; DYNAMIC; ANALYSIS; BEHAVIOR

Previously, we showed fictive swimming in isolated lamprey spinal cords deviated from a uniform traveling wave. We asserted that the pattern of these deviations could be used to deduce functional properties of the intersegmental coordinating system. Using new statistical and theoretical methods, we are near a full description of the phase deviations and what they imply. In so doing, we have begun to generate statistical and theoretical tools to study changes in the spinal segments when interacting with descending and sensory inputs. By the end of year one we will begin to "put the system back together," that is, to reintroduce into the isolated spinal preparation other portions of the nervous system and sensorium. The goal is to begin to understand, in a vertebrate, how such systems are used adaptively by intact animals, and to deduce general principles of organization for such systems. Completion of the statistical and theoretical work involves: (a) simulations of the behavior of a chain of coupled oscillators with noise added. How does the noise propagate? How do the length and strength of the coordinating fibers affect the behavior? What statistical and time series methods are most appropriate for the analysis? We will then ask the following: 1. The phasic output of the reticulospinal (RS) neurons is said to be "in phase" with the motor output of the rostral segments, but this was with very few segments attached. If true, it could be disastrous since the relative phase angles of the activity of all 100 segments of the body must span 360 degrees of the cycle, and RS cells have powerful effects along the entire cord. We will use a preparation with brain stem and 50 segments to deduce: (a) What is the impact of the phasic activity from the RS nuclei upon the motor output of the spinal segments? Is the pattern more or less stable? Is it changed? (b) Using intracellular recording, what is the pattern of input from the spinal segments to the RS neurons? Is there some topographic map of the spinal segments along the nuclei? Or do all cells receive the same input? (c) Do the RS neurons have their own oscillations when activated with glutamate? What is the output from the reticular neurons to the spinal segments when a large complement of rostral and caudal segments provide input to the RS neurons? Is the RS neurons' output still phasic under these conditions? Does the output from the RS cells go to all spinal segments equally? Is it distributed across the entire cycle in all cells? (d) If phasic, how does the output from the RS nuclei interact with the coordination among the segments? This will be asked by modeling the interaction after the above data are collected. 2. If the brain and mechanosensory input both interact with the CPG, does the interaction change CPG output? (a) We will add mechanical forcing to the end of spinal segments with the brain attached to see how the output pattern is changed. This will also be done with the tail attached. Do the interactions stabilize or destabilize the vertebrate CPG? Do the brain/CPG/sensory interactions function as proposed in the cockroach to heighten responsiveness to unexpected perturbations and maintain some optimal frequency for the system? What are the functional consequences of the interactions? Finally, the overall goal is to see if we can establish principles of organization and function for motor systems that produce rhythmic movements.

之前，我们展示了离体七鳃鳗脊髓的虚构游泳 偏离均匀行波。 我们断言，该模式 这些偏差可用于推断出的功能特性 部门间协调制度。 使用新的统计和理论 方法，我们即将全面描述相位偏差以及什么 他们暗示。 通过这样做，我们已经开始生成统计数据和 研究相互作用时脊柱节段变化的理论工具 具有下降和感觉输入。 到第一年年底，我们将开始 “将系统重新组合在一起”，即重新引入 分离脊柱准备神经系统的其他部分和 感觉中枢。 我们的目标是开始了解脊椎动物如何做到这一点 系统被完整的动物适应性地使用，并推断出一般 此类系统的组织原则。 完成统计和理论工作包括：(a) 模拟带有噪声的耦合振荡器链的行为 额外。 噪声是如何传播的？ 长度和强度如何 协调纤维影响行为？ 什么统计和时间 系列方法最适合分析？ 然后我们会问以下问题： 1. 网状脊髓 (RS) 神经元的相位输出被认为是“在 阶段”与嘴段的运动输出，但这是与 附加的片段很少。 如果属实，后果将是灾难性的 身体所有 100 个部位活动的相对相位角必须 跨越 360 度的周期，RS 细胞在整个周期中具有强大的作用 整个绳子。 我们将使用带有脑干和 50 个节段的制剂 推论： (a) RS 核的相位活动的影响是什么 取决于脊柱节段的运动输出？ 图案是多了还是少了 稳定的？ 是不是变了？ (b) 使用细胞内记录，什么是 从脊髓节段到 RS 神经元的输入模式？ 有没有一些 沿核的脊柱节段的地形图？ 或者做所有细胞 收到相同的输入？ (c) RS 神经元有自己的振荡吗 当用谷氨酸激活时？ 网状结构的输出是什么 当大量的嘴侧和脊侧神经元补充到脊髓节段时 尾节向 RS 神经元提供输入？ RS神经元的输出是 在这些条件下仍然是阶段性的吗？ RS 单元的输出是否会去 所有脊柱节段均等吗？ 是否分布在整个周期 在所有细胞中？ (d) 如果是相性的，RS 核的输出如何 各部门之间的互动协调？ 这将被询问 收集上述数据后对交互进行建模。 2. 如果大脑和机械感觉输入都与 CPG 相互作用， 交互改变CPG输出？ (a) 我们将添加机械力 脊髓节段末端与大脑相连，看看输出如何 模式改变。 这也将在连接尾巴的情况下完成。 这种相互作用会使脊椎动物 CPG 稳定还是不稳定？ 做 大脑/CPG/感觉相互作用的功能正如蟑螂所提出的那样 提高对意外扰动的响应能力并保持一些 系统的最佳频率？ 其功能性后果是什么 相互作用？ 最后，总体目标是看看我们能否建立 产生的运动系统的组织和功能原则 有节奏的动作。