Neural and environmental mechanisms of language development during the first three years of life

生命头三年语言发展的神经和环境机制

基本信息

批准号：
10527907
负责人：
Kathryn A Leech
金额：
$ 9.79万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-10 至 2024-09-09
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10527907
关键词：
3 year old Address Adopted Affect Age Award Behavioral Brain Brain region Child Child Language Child Support Code Data Data Analyses Development Early Intervention Education Environment Environmental Risk Factor Equation Family Foundations Funding Future Genetic Transcription Goals Infrastructure Intervention Investigation Knowledge Language Language Development Life Linguistics Literature Logistics Manuals Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Mental Health Methodology Methods Modeling Mothers Occupational Status Oral Outcome Parent-Child Relations Parents Pathway interactions Personal Satisfaction Policies Population Heterogeneity Prevention program Reader Reading Research Risk Sampling School-Age Population Schools Socioeconomic Status Speech Structure Technology Testing Thick Time Videotape Work base early experience elementary school experience family support high risk improved indexing intervention program kindergarten language outcome literacy longitudinal analysis longitudinal dataset low socioeconomic status mortality neurodevelopment neuroimaging neuromechanism novel strategies physical conditioning power analysis prevent preventive intervention public health relevance racial diversity reading difficulties relating to nervous system skills socioeconomics success

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The objective of this proposal is to understand the neural and environmental mechanisms of socioeconomic (SES) differences in 36-month-old children’s language development. In older school-aged children, the quantity and quality of parental language input statistically mediates effects of SES on brain development, which in turn impacts children’s language outcomes. Although these findings are well-characterized in older children, they have yet to be examined in children under age three, the time when brain maturation is most rapid. The primary objective of this proposal is to examine the relation between SES, parental language input, and brain and behavioral indices of child language during the first three years of life. Efforts to examine environmental and neural mechanisms of language in young children have been hindered by small samples and methodological challenges. For instance, it is not clear whether approaches to automatically estimate parental language input produce reliable estimates in non-White and socioeconomically diverse populations. This proposed study will overcome previous challenges by employing secondary data analysis on an existing longitudinal dataset of socioeconomically and racially diverse mothers and children (N=253). Our first aim is methodological and will examine reliability between automatically generated and manually coded measures of parental language input. Aims 2-3 involve additional transcription and manual coding of parents’ language input to test the longitudinal association between SES, language input, structural and functional brain measures, and language outcomes. We hypothesize that SES effects on child language at 36 months will be mediated by parental language input and the structure/connectivity of brain regions at 30 months. The proposed work is important because SES-based differences in child language ability have long-term implications for decreased educational attainment, lower occupational status, poorer physical and mental health, and increased risk for all-causes of mortality. By identifying the proximal experiences that mediate effects of SES on child language outcomes at age three, we may identify actionable targets for preventative and early intervention efforts to improve child and family wellbeing.

项目概要/摘要该提案的目的是了解社会经济的神经和环境机制 (SES) 36 个月大的学龄儿童语言发展的差异。父母语言输入的质量与 SES 对大脑发育的影响密切相关，而这反过来又会影响大脑发育。尽管这些研究结果在年龄较大的儿童中得到了很好的体现，但它们仍然存在。尚未对三岁以下的儿童进行检查，三岁以下的儿童是大脑成熟最快的时期。该提案的主要目标是检查 SES、父母语言输入和大脑之间的关系生命头三年的儿童语言和行为指数努力检查环境。幼儿语言的神经机制受到小样本和小样本的阻碍例如，目前尚不清楚是否有方法可以自动估计父母的情况。语言输入对非白人和社会多元化人群产生可靠的估计。拟议的研究将通过对现有的二次数据分析来克服以前的挑战社会经济和种族多样化的母亲和儿童的纵向数据集（N = 253）。方法论，并将检查自动生成和手动编码的测量之间的可靠性目标 2-3 涉及父母语言的额外转录和手动编码。输入来测试 SES、语言输入、大脑结构和功能之间的纵向关联我们努力研究 SES 对 36 个月大儿童语言的影响。由父母的语言输入和 30 个月时大脑区域的结构/连接性介导。拟议的工作很重要，因为基于 SES 的儿童语言能力差异具有长期的影响对受教育程度下降、职业地位下降、身心较差的影响通过确定介导的近期经历，可以提高健康水平，并增加全因死亡的风险。 SES 对三岁时儿童语言结果的影响，我们可以确定预防性的可行目标以及改善儿童和家庭福祉的早期干预措施。