LEISHMANIASIS--TRANSMISSION

利什曼病——传播

• 批准号: 5205075
• 负责人: John R. David
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/5205075
• 关键词: Brazil; Leishmania donovani; MHC class II antigen; Psychodidae; communicable disease transmission; disease reservoirs; disease vectors; dogs; epidemiology; field study; genetic strain; hamsters; histocompatibility gene; histocompatibility typing; host organism interaction; human subject; leishmaniasis; parasitic disease diagnosis; polymerase chain reaction; protozoal antigen; skin infection; tropical medicine

This project is aimed at determining the modes of transmission of two forms of leishmaniasis. Recently, in a control program to eliminate infected dogs, despite the marked decrease in canine leishmaniasis in the city, there was a rise in the number of human cases. We propose to determine whether persons with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) can transmit the causative L. chagasi to the sand fly vector Lu. longipalpis frequently enough to serve as a source for infection. To do this, we will determine: a. the frequency that L. longipalpis become infected with L. chagasi when biting patients with acute visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic persons with immunologic evidence of L. chagasi infections. b. whether sand flies infected with L. chagasi from humans can infect hamsters, thus showing they contain the infective form. Secondly, our studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis demonstrated clustering of cases involving persons of all age groups and both sexes implying that transmission was closer to houses than to places of work, and suggested that dogs (or humans) might be more important in transmission to humans than rodents (most of which were uninfected). We aim to: c. Confirm the presence of L.b. braziliensis in dogs, and evaluate the ability of dogs to infect sand flies and pass on the infection to hamsters. d. As with VL, ascertain whether humans can infect sand flies with L. braziliensis and thus play a role in transmission. e. Determine the host preference of Lu. whitmani and other native sand flies by the analysis of sand fly gut contents using PCR to distinguish human, canine, and other mammalian blood. f. To determine if the clustering of cases seen in households is due, in part, to genetic factors, we will type families for HLA class II. This project ties in directly with the goals of this ICIDR to decrease the morbidity and mortality of these important tropical diseases.

该项目旨在确定两个传输方式 利什曼病的形式。 最近，在一个控制程序中以消除 受感染的狗，尽管犬在犬中有明显减少 城市，人类案件的数量有所增加。 我们建议 确定有内脏利什曼病（VL）的人是否可以传播 Chagasi的病因到沙蝇矢量lu。 longipalpis 经常足以充当感染的来源。 为此，我们 将确定： 一个。 L. longipalpis被L. chagasi感染的频率 当咬人患有急性内脏利什曼病和无症状的患者时 具有免疫学证据的人，表明了夏加斯乳杆菌感染。 b。 人类感染了奇加斯氏乳杆菌的沙子是否会感染 仓鼠，因此表明它们包含感染形式。 其次，我们对皮肤利什曼病的研究表明了聚类 涉及所有年龄段的人的案件，以及两个性别都暗示 传输比房屋更接近房屋，并建议 狗（或人类）在向人类传播时可能更重要 比啮齿动物（其中大多数未感染）。 我们的目标是： c。 确认L.B.的存在巴西在狗中，评估 狗感染沙蝇并传播感染的能力 仓鼠。 d。 与VL一样，确定人类是否可以用L感染沙蝇。 巴西人，因此在传播中发挥作用。 e。 确定LU的宿主偏好。惠特曼尼和其他本地沙子 通过使用PCR分析沙蝇肠含量来区分果蝇 人，犬和其他哺乳动物血。 f。 确定家庭中看到的案件的聚类是否到期， 在某种程度上，对于遗传因素，我们将键入HLA II类的家庭。 该项目直接与此ICIDR的目标联系起来减少 这些重要的热带疾病的发病率和死亡率。