APPRAISAL-DISRUPTION MODEL OF ALCOHOL AND STRESS

酒精和压力的评估破坏模型

• 批准号: 2046252
• 负责人: MICHAEL Andrew SAYETTE
• 金额: $ 9.88万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-01-01 至 1998-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2046252
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; cognition; disease /disorder proneness /risk; family genetics; human subject; psychological models; psychological stressor; psychophysiology

The primary purposes of this FIRST application are: (a) to test mechanisms of alcohol's effects on social anxiety in men and women within the framework of the appraisal-disruption model, and (b) to determine whether there is an association among risk for alcoholism, sensitivity to the disruption of cognitive appraisal processes, and stress response dampening effects of alcohol. Subjects at high and low risk for alcoholism, based on family history of the disorder, will consume an alcoholic (.8 g/kg alcohol men;.7 g/kg women) or a placebo beverage, either before or after receiving stressful information. Subjects will be tested for cognitive deficits in both attentive (limited-capacity) and automatic processing. Stress response dampening (SRD) will be assessed using a multidimensional approach comprising subjective, psychophysiological, and behavior- expressive response systems. It is predicted that SRD effects of alcohol will be strongest when intoxication precedes the presentation of stressful information. Anxiolytic effects are predicted to correlate positively with disruption of cognitive appraisal processes. Specifically, alcohol is expected to disrupt the appraisal of new information by constraining the spread of activation to associated information in long-term memory. Moreover, subjects with a parental history of alcoholism are predicted to have greater cognitive impairment and stronger stress response dampening than subjects without such a family history. Investigation of both automatic and attentive cognitive processes will further understanding of the effects of alcohol on cognition per se. Identifying the relationship between disruption of cognitive processing and stress response dampening will elucidate the mechanisms contributing to the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and will help to integrate a large and inconsistent literature on alcohol-stress interactions. This research will advance knowledge of individual differences in the stress response dampening effects of alcohol, and will significantly increase understanding of the determinants of drinking patterns and alcohol abuse.

第一个应用的主要目的是：（a）测试机制 酒精对男性和女性社交焦虑的影响 评估干扰模型的框架，以及（b）确定是否是否 酗酒风险之间存在关联，对 认知评估过程的破坏和压力反应减弱 酒精的影响。基于酗酒风险高和低风险的受试者 该疾病的家族史将消耗酒精饮料（.8 g/kg酒精 男性; .7 g/kg妇女）或安慰剂饮料，无论是在接受之前还是之后 压力很大的信息。受试者将在认知缺陷中测试 专心（容量有限）和自动处理。压力 响应阻尼（SRD）将使用多维评估 包括主观，心理生理和行为的方法 - 表达响应系统。预测酒精的SRD影响 当醉酒先于压力之前，将是最强的 信息。预计抗焦虑作用将与 认知评估过程的破坏。具体而言，酒精是 预计通过约束 将激活传播到长期记忆中的相关信息。 此外，预计有父母酗酒历史的受试者将 具有更大的认知障碍和更强的压力反应减弱 比没有这样的家族史的主题。 对自动和细心认知过程的调查将 进一步了解酒精对认知本身的影响。 确定认知处理中断之间的关系 压力反应减弱将阐明促成的机制 达到酒精的增强作用，并将有助于整合大型 以及关于酒精压力相互作用的文献不一致。这项研究 将提高对压力反应中个体差异的了解 酒精的抑制作用，并将显着增加 了解饮酒模式和酗酒的决定因素。