Witnessing Community Violence and its Consequences: Changes Across Middle School

目睹社区暴力及其后果：整个中学的变化

基本信息

批准号：
10480769
负责人：
Sarah Katherine Pittman
金额：
$ 4.49万
依托单位：
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-08-25 至 2023-08-01
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10480769
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Adverse event African American Age Aggressive behavior Biological Childhood Chronic Cognitive Competence Data Data Set Development Distress Effectiveness Emotional Evaluation Fellowship Foundational Skills Frequencies Goals Grant Growth Individual Information Dissemination Intervention Knowledge Lead Long-Term Effects Methodology Methods Modeling National Institute of Child Health and Human Development National Research Service Awards Neighborhoods Pathologic Pattern Persons Physical aggression Poverty Prevention Process Psychopathology Reporting Research Research Priority Research Training Resources Risk Sampling Science Scientist Sex Differences Statistical Methods Stress Structure Subgroup Surveys Symptoms Theoretical model Time Training Urban Community Violence Writing Youth analytical method assault career community violence early adolescence experience flexibility junior high school minority children peer person centered positive youth development pre-doctoral racial minority skills social theories therapy development violence exposure youth violence

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Adolescents growing up in urban neighborhoods with high rates of poverty and violence experience high rates of community violence. Minority youth are more likely to reside in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty and violence and consequently report higher rates of exposure than their White peers. Early adolescents are particularly vulnerable to consequences of community violence because they are increasingly susceptible to environmental, biological, cognitive, and emotional processes that increase their risk of psychopathology. Witnessing community violence has been associated with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, findings of relations between witnessing community violence and internalizing symptoms have been inconsistent, and theories offer contradictory predictions. There is a gap in our understanding of the effects of witnessing community violence on adolescent development, which may reflect limitations of prior studies. The goal of the proposed study is to address those limitations by identifying trajectories of witnessing community violence across early adolescence, investigating the extent to which subgroups differ in their trajectories, and determining the extent to which trajectories of witnessing violence are related to changes in physical aggression and distress symptoms. This goal aligns with NICHD's research priority of understanding the impact of adverse experiences during childhood and adolescence on development and identifying periods where intervention could have optimal effects. These aims will be addressed through analysis of a unique and rich dataset with 12 waves of data that were collected every three months across all three grades of middle school from a predominantly African American sample of 2,755 early adolescents living in urban communities with high rates of violence. Latent curve models, growth mixture modeling, and latent profile analysis will be used to examine within-person changes over time and between-group differences in within-person change. The specific aims are to: 1) identify within-person changes in witnessing community violence during early adolescence, 2) investigate longitudinal relations between witnessing community violence and physical aggression and distress. Sex differences will be examined for each aim. Refinement of theories related to chronic exposure could inform intervention and prevention efforts to promote positive youth development. Identification of subgroups with different patterns over time could be used to tailor interventions, and could highlight periods where interventions might be most effective. Moreover, the research and training outlined in this NRSA F31 pre-doctoral fellowship application will equip me with the skills and support needed to pursue a successful career as an independent research scientist by providing me with knowledge of relevant theoretical models and their application to prevention efforts, competencies in advanced statistical methods for longitudinal research, and scientific writing, grant-writing, and presentation skills.

项目概要在贫困和暴力发生率高的城市社区长大的青少年经历着高风险社区暴力发生率。少数族裔青年更有可能居住在高比例的社区贫困和暴力，因此报告的暴露率比白人同龄人更高。早期的青少年特别容易受到社区暴力的影响，因为他们越来越多地容易受到环境、生物、认知和情感过程的影响，这些过程会增加他们的风险精神病理学。目睹社区暴力与内化和暴力有关外化症状。然而，目击社区暴力与目睹社区暴力之间关系的发现内化症状一直不一致，并且理论提供了相互矛盾的预测。有一个差距我们了解目睹社区暴力对青少年发展的影响，这可能反映了先前研究的局限性。拟议研究的目标是通过确定来解决这些局限性青春期早期目睹社区暴力的轨迹，调查其程度亚群体的轨迹有所不同，并决定了目击暴力轨迹的程度与身体攻击性和痛苦症状的变化有关。这一目标与 NICHD 的研究一致优先了解童年和青少年时期的不良经历对发展的影响并确定干预措施可以产生最佳效果的时期。这些目标将通过分析独特且丰富的数据集，其中包含每三个月收集一次的 12 波数据从 2,755 名生活在非洲裔美国的早期青少年中抽取的中学三个年级的样本在暴力发生率较高的城市社区。潜在曲线模型、生长混合模型和潜在概况分析将用于检查人内随时间的变化以及群体之间的差异人内部的改变。具体目标是：1）识别见证社区中人的内部变化青春期早期的暴力，2）调查目睹社区暴力之间的纵向关系以及身体攻击和痛苦。每个目标都会检查性别差异。理论的完善与长期接触相关的干预和预防工作可以为促进积极的青少年提供信息发展。随着时间的推移，识别具有不同模式的亚组可用于定制干预措施，并可以强调干预措施可能最有效的时期。此外，研究和培训 NRSA F31 博士前奖学金申请中概述的内容将为我提供所需的技能和支持通过向我提供相关知识来追求作为一名独立研究科学家的成功职业生涯理论模型及其在预防工作中的应用、先进统计方法的能力纵向研究、科学写作、资助写作和演讲技巧。