Attending to all children: Examining the role of alpha oscillations in attention in young children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (AsCENd)

照顾所有儿童：检查阿尔法振荡对有或没有产前酒精暴露的幼儿注意力的作用 (AsCENd)

• 批准号: 10446862
• 负责人: JULIA MARIE STEPHEN
• 金额: $ 66.16万
• 依托单位: LOVELACE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10446862
• 关键词: 7 year old; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Attention; Attentional deficit; Behavior assessment; Biological; Birth; Brain; Brain region; Child; Child Support; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data; Development; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Early Diagnosis; Early Intervention; Early identification; Entropy; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Exhibits; Family; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder; Fetal alcohol effects; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Goals; Hormones; Household; Knowledge; Life; Magnetoencephalography; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neuropsychological Tests; New Mexico; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Performance; Performance at work; Play; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Prevalence; Research; Resolution; Rest; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Strategic Planning; Targeted Research; Testing; Thalamic structure; aged; base; cognitive development; cohort; directed attention; executive function; experience; fetal diagnosis; first grade; high risk; high school; improved; improved outcome; indexing; low socioeconomic status; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel strategies; potential biomarker; pre-clinical; recruit; relating to nervous system; satisfaction; sex; social relationships; socioeconomics; therapy development; tool; white matter

Abstract Attention deficits cause life-long challenges affecting academic and job performance, social relationships, and life satisfaction. Attention problems typically begin at an early age and children with attention problems struggle in school. Ideally, attention deficits would be identified before a child enters school. A primary limitation in the field is our limited knowledge of the neural signatures of attention in young children. Children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and children with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) related to PAE experience persistent attention deficits, and PAE is present at birth. Therefore, studying children with and without PAE provides us with an opportunity to examine neural signatures of attention at a young age in a group of children at high risk of attention deficits. Children raised in lower socioeconomic households are also at greater risk of attention problems, and due to high rates of poverty in New Mexico, we are well-positioned to examine its role in attention in children with and without PAE. Research in adults indicates that alpha oscillations play a key role in directing attention, but it is unknown how alpha oscillations are related to attention early in development. Alpha oscillations are easily elicited during rest, modified during tasks, and measurable across development. This study builds on (1) prior research demonstrating thalamus drives some cortical alpha oscillations whereas others are driven by cortico-cortical connections or local network dynamics and (2) studies in preclinical PAE models and research in children with PAE indicating disrupted cortico- thalamic and cortico-cortical tracts with PAE. Aim 1 will establish the role of alpha oscillations and cortico- thalamic or cortico-cortical connectivity in attention by measuring alpha oscillations during rest and task using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and white matter integrity (WMI) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in typically developing children aged 4-7 years. Aim 2 will assess alterations in alpha oscillations and WMI and their relation to attention deficits in children with PAE, relative to typically developing children. Aim 3 will examine the developmental trajectory of alpha oscillations and WMI and their role in attention by following the same children longitudinally until age seven. We hypothesize that alpha oscillations are directly related to WMI and attention in typically developing children. Furthermore, alpha oscillations will be reduced in children with PAE, and these reductions will be related to disruptions in WMI and attention deficits. We expect these effects to be mediated by poverty in both typically developing children and children with PAE. We will test our hypotheses by measuring alpha oscillations using MEG during 3 tasks that robustly manipulate alpha oscillations in parietal cortex, somatomotor regions and the fronto-parietal network and examining how these oscillations relate to WMI and attention. This study will provide foundational knowledge about the role of alpha oscillations in attention in young children and may indicate potential biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and intervention for FASD to inform our understanding of attention deficits broadly.

抽象的 注意力缺陷会导致终生挑战，影响学业和工作表现、社会关系和 生活满意度。注意力问题通常从很小的时候就开始出现，并且有注意力问题的儿童会陷入困境 在学校。理想情况下，在孩子入学之前就可以发现注意力缺陷。一个主要的限制是 我们对幼儿注意力的神经特征了解有限。产前儿童 酒精暴露 (PAE) 以及诊断为与 PAE 相关的胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 的儿童 经历持续的注意力缺陷，并且 PAE 在出生时就存在。因此，研究患有和 没有 PAE 为我们提供了一个机会来检查年轻时注意力的神经特征 注意力缺陷高风险儿童群体。在社会经济地位较低的家庭中长大的儿童也 注意力问题的风险更大，而且由于新墨西哥州的贫困率很高，我们处于有利地位 检查它对患有和不患有 PAE 的儿童的注意力的作用。对成人的研究表明，α 振荡在引导注意力方面发挥着关键作用，但尚不清楚阿尔法振荡与 在开发早期就受到关注。阿尔法振荡很容易在休息期间引发，在任务期间修改，并且 整个发展过程中可衡量的。这项研究建立在 (1) 先前的研究基础上，证明丘脑驱动一些 皮质 α 振荡，而其他振荡则由皮质-皮质连接或局部网络动态驱动 (2) 临床前 PAE 模型研究和 PAE 儿童研究表明皮质受到破坏 丘脑和皮质-皮质束与 PAE。目标 1 将确定 α 振荡和皮质的作用 通过测量休息和任务期间的阿尔法振荡来观察丘脑或皮质-皮质连接的注意力 使用扩散张量成像 (DTI) 进行脑磁图 (MEG) 和白质完整性 (WMI) 通常发育中的儿童年龄为 4-7 岁。目标 2 将评估 α 振荡和 WMI 的变化以及 相对于正常发育的儿童，它们与 PAE 儿童注意力缺陷的关系。目标3将 通过以下方法检查 α 振荡和 WMI 的发展轨迹及其在注意力中的作用 相同的孩子纵向直到七岁。我们假设 alpha 振荡与 WMI 直接相关 和对典型发育儿童的关注。此外，患有以下疾病的儿童的α振荡将会减少 PAE，而这些减少将与 WMI 中断和注意力缺陷有关。我们预计这些影响 对于典型发育中的儿童和患有 PAE 的儿童来说，贫困是其介导的因素。我们将测试我们的 通过在 3 个稳健操纵 alpha 的任务中使用 MEG 测量 alpha 振荡来提出假设 顶叶皮层、躯体运动区和额顶叶网络的振荡，并检查这些振荡如何 振荡与 WMI 和注意力有关。这项研究将提供有关阿尔法作用的基础知识 幼儿注意力的波动可能表明潜在的生物标志物，以改善早期诊断和治疗 对 FASD 进行干预，让我们更广泛地了解注意力缺陷。