COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER

注意力缺陷障碍中的认知缺陷

• 批准号: 3387167
• 负责人: RAFAEL KLORMAN KLORMAN
• 金额: $ 11.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1994-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3387167
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); attention deficit disorder; cognition disorders; electroencephalography; human subject; information theory; interview; performance; psychomotor disorders; reading disorder; stimulus /response

The propose research is aimed at increasing present understanding of cognitive disorder in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescence. Although ADHD patients perform worse than normals in psychomotor tests, there is little evidence of specific cognitive dysfunction as opposed to (nonspecific) energetic abnormalities. There are, however, some indications of deficits in early motor processes (response selection). We recently found that, like ADHD children, ADHD adolescents were slower than controls in a Sternberg memory scanning task, but were not disproportionately affected by increasing memory load. The result contradicts a specific defect involving memory search. However, ADHD adolescents differed from normals in having excessive errors to targets and lacking significantly shorter latencies of the P3b component or event related potentials in response to targets. These results suggest aberrant processing of targets, i.e. disturbances in stimulus classification. Interestingly, these abnormalities were reduced by a double-blind trial of stimulants. We propose, first, to replicate these novel findings by testing 30 ADHD, 30 reading-disordered (RD), and 30 normal adolescents in the same Sternberg task (loads 1-4 and fixed set procedure). Replication would strengthen our finding of a specific disturbance in stimulus classification. Second, we will investigate the existence of disturbances in motor processes by testing the same subjects in a task involving two levels of stimulus evaluation (memory loads of 2 and 4) and two levels of response requirements (matching the side [right and left] vs. the specific position [1 of 4] in the display. If ADHD patients show a greater effect of response requirements than normals, a specific deficit in response selections will be implicated. Further, if these deficits are more pronounced for ADHD than RD subjects, these results would suggest that these abnormalities are specific to ADHD. These studies will provide evidence on specific information processing disorders in ADHD. It is specifically important to study ADHD adolescents, because they are at risk for such psychological disturbances as conduct disorders and drug abuse) and yet have not been studied extensively.

建议的研究旨在增加对 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的认知障碍 青春期。 尽管ADHD患者的表现比正常患者的表现要差 精神运动测试，几乎没有特定认知的证据 功能障碍与（非特异性）能量异常相反。 那里 但是，有些迹象表明早期运动过程中缺陷 （响应选择）。 我们最近发现，像多动症儿童一样，多动症青少年较慢 比Sternberg内存扫描任务中的控件比 受内存负载增加的影响不成比例。 结果 与涉及内存搜索的特定缺陷相矛盾。 但是，多动症 青少年与正常人有所不同，在目标方面有过多的错误 并且缺乏P3B组件或事件的较短的延迟 响应目标的相关电位。 这些结果表明异常 靶标的处理，即刺激分类的干扰。 有趣的是，通过双盲试验，这些异常降低了 兴奋剂。 首先，我们建议通过测试30 ADHD复制这些新颖的发现， 相同的30个阅读序列（RD）和30个正常青少年 Sternberg任务（加载1-4和固定设置过程）。 复制会 加强我们发现刺激中特定干扰的发现 分类。 其次，我们将调查干扰的存在 在运动过程中，通过在涉及两个任务中测试相同的主题来测试相同的主题 刺激评估水平（2和4的记忆负荷）和两个级别 响应要求（匹配侧面[左右]与特定 在显示屏中位置[1 of 4]。 如果多动症​​患者显示出更大的作用 响应要求比正常人，这是一个特定的响应赤字 选择将被暗示。 此外，如果这些赤字更多 这些结果比RD主题发音为ADHD，这些结果表明 这些异常是特定于多动症的。 这些研究将提供有关特定信息处理的证据 多动症中的疾病。 研究多动症特别重要 青少年，因为他们有这种心理障碍的风险 作为行为障碍和滥用毒品），但尚未研究 广泛。