METHODS TO DETECT AND PREDICT HUMAN EXPOSURE TO TOXIC CH

检测和预测人类接触有毒 CH 的方法

• 批准号: 3104452
• 负责人: Max Costa
• 金额: $ 219.46万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-12-12 至 1995-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3104452
• 关键词: biomarker; cadmium; chromium; environmental toxicology; method development; toxicant screening

This application integrates several scientific disciplines, basic biomedicine, epidemiology, ecology and engineering to assess the impact of hazardous waste exposure on human health. The biomedical portion of the Program Project seeks to develop new and sensitive methods for detecting human exposure to chemicals. This portion focuses on assays that have been previously developed as research tools, and which show promise for the detection of low level environmental exposure in humans. The tissues to be monitored include blood, hair follicle cells, urine and other tissues available by non-invasive sampling methods. In the early stages of the Program Project, experimental animals were utilized to test the specificity, sensitivity and validity of the methods for monitoring in vivo human exposures. Animals were exposed by inhalation, ingestion and by other routes to mimic human exposure to toxic Superfund chemicals. During the renewal of this project greater emphasis will be placed upon the application of the biomarker assays in assessing human exposure, although animal validation will still be continued. The assays under development are proposed to be indicators of toxic metal exposure, and include those that measure oxidative stress, proliferation, RNA expression, and the complexing of protein to DNA in lymphocytes, proliferation and viability of skin keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts, and neurobehavioral changes. This Program Project is strongly focused on metals, particularly chromium and cadmium. It also focuses on two toxic waste dump sites: Foundry Cove which is contaminated predominantly with cadmium and nickel; and Jersey City, NJ which is predominantly a chromium dump site. These sites are both likely to be sources of human exposure, and human sampling will be carried out under the direction of the Epidemiology Core. The Engineering and Ecology Components are integrated to understand the impact of cadmium, chromium and other heavy metal contaminants in the environment, in terms of movement from Superfund sites to accumulation in the food chain leading to human exposures.

该应用程序整合了几个科学学科，基本 生物医学，流行病学，生态学和工程学，以评估 人类健康的危险废物暴露。 生物医学部分 计划项目旨在开发用于检测的新方法 人类接触化学物质。 这部分重点是 以前是作为研究工具开发的，这表明了 检测人类低水平的环境暴露。 组织为 受监测的包括血液，毛囊细胞，尿液和其他组织 可通过非侵入性采样方法获得。 在计划项目的早期阶段，实验动物是 用于测试方法的特异性，灵敏度和有效性 用于监测体内人类暴露。 动物暴露 吸入，摄取和其他模仿人类暴露于有毒的路线 超级基金化学品。 在续签该项目期间更加重视 将在应用生物标志物测定时进行评估 人类暴露，尽管动物验证仍将继续进行。 这 提出正在开发的测定是有毒金属的指标 暴露，包括测量氧化应激，增殖的那些暴露， RNA表达，以及蛋白质与淋巴细胞中DNA的络合， 皮肤角质形成细胞和皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖和生存能力，以及 神经行为变化。 该程序项目非常专注于金属，尤其是铬 和镉。 它还关注两个有毒的废物垃圾场：铸造湾 这主要用镉和镍污染；和泽西岛 新泽西州城市，主要是铬垃圾场。 这些站点都是 可能是人类暴露的来源，将进行人类抽样 在流行病学核心的指导下。 整合工程和生态组成部分，以了解 镉，铬和其他重金属污染物的影响 环境，从超级基金站点到积累的移动方面 食物链导致人类暴露。