BLOOD PRESSURE EFECTS OF BEHAVIORAL STRESS AND SODIUM

行为压力和钠对血压的影响

• 批准号: 2226785
• 负责人: JENNIFER A HAYTHORNTHWAITE
• 金额: $ 11.46万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2226785
• 关键词: angiotensin /renin /aldosterone hypertension; behavioral medicine; blood chemistry; blood pressure; dietary potassium; dietary sodium; emotions; human subject; neuroendocrine system; neurogenic hypertension; nutrition related tag; personality; psychological stressor; stress

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Evidence from the animal laboratory indicates that behavioral stress combined with a high sodium intake can have synergistic effects on tonic blood pressure levels and cause hypertension. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and identifying the psychological characteristics associated with this loss of regulatory control over blood pressure could lead to the development and refinement of effective preventative interventions for hypertension, either dietary or behavioral, that are directed at those individuals who are most vulnerable to the synergistic blood pressure effects of behavioral stress and high sodium intake. The first study will examine neuroendocrine and other regulatory responses (e.g., changes in plasma electrolytes) to high sodium intake administered during the period preceding a stressful event (NaCl x STRESS). Medical students will be administered supplemental sodium chloride (600 mg/4.5 kg/day) or placebo tablets using a double-blind method during the 14 days prior to an examination (High Stress) and during a period of low academic demands (Low Stress). Cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and emotional variables will be measured at rest (High and Low Stress) and in response to the examination (High Stress only). It is expected that activation of the pituitary adrenocortical system will play a more important role in mediating the NaCl x STRESS blood pressure elevations than activation of the sympathetic nervous system and that larger cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and emotional responses to the examination, suggesting greater stress, will be associated with larger NaCl x STRESS blood pressure responses. The second study will determine whether BP and neuroendocrine responses to laboratory stressors and personality factors, such as hostility and suppressed anger, are associated with a larger NaCl x STRESS BP response. Prior to the High Stress sodium loading period, cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to mental arithmetic, social challenge, and studying exam-related material will be measured. It is expected that suppressed anger and greater CV and neuroendocrine reactivity to laboratory stressors will be associated with larger NaCl x STRESS blood pressure responses. The third study will determine whether a concurrent high potassium intake reduces the blood pressure elevating effects of NaCl x STRESS. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive potassium supplemental sodium chloride tablets. It is expected that the concurrent high potassium intake will blunt the NaCl x STRESS blood pressure response.

高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素 脑血管疾病。 来自动物实验室的证据表明 行为压力与高钠摄入量相结合可能会导致 对强直血压水平的协同作用及其原因 高血压。 了解生理机制并识别 与这种监管丧失相关的心理特征 控制血压可能会导致发展和完善 高血压的有效预防干预措施，无论是饮食 或行为方面的，针对的是那些最 容易受到行为压力的协同血压影响 和高钠摄入量。 第一项研究将检查神经内分泌和其他调节 对高钠摄入量的反应（例如血浆电解质的变化） 在压力事件之前的一段时间内施用（氯化钠 x 压力）。 医学生将补充钠 使用双盲法进行氯化物（600 毫克/4.5 公斤/天）或安慰剂片剂 检查前 14 天（高压力）期间的方法 在学术要求低（低压力）的时期。 心血管、 神经内分泌和情绪变量将在休息时测量（高 和低压力）以及对考试的回应（仅限高压力）。 预计垂体肾上腺皮质系统的激活 将在介导 NaCl x STRESS 血液中发挥更重要的作用 压力升高比交感神经系统的激活和 更大的心血管、神经内分泌和情绪反应 检查表明压力更大，将与 较大的 NaCl x 应激血压反应。 第二项研究将 确定血压和神经内分泌对实验室压力源的反应是否 以及性格因素，例如敌意和压抑的愤怒 与较大的 NaCl x STRESS BP 反应相关。 高之前 应激钠负荷期、心血管和神经内分泌反应 心算、社交挑战和学习考试相关 将测量材料。预计压抑的愤怒和 对实验室压力源的心血管和神经内分泌反应会更大 与较大的 NaCl x 应激血压反应相关。 第三个 研究将确定同时摄入高钾是否会减少 氯化钠 x 压力的血压升高作用。 科目将是 随机分配接受钾补充氯化钠治疗 片剂。 预计同时发生的高钾摄入量将 减弱 NaCl x STRESS 血压反应。