Multisensory Processes in the Mechanics of Hearing

听觉机制中的多感官过程

• 批准号: 10375531
• 负责人: JENNIFER M GROH
• 金额: $ 34.21万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10375531
• 关键词: Affect; Age-associated memory impairment; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory system; Binaural; Brain; Cochlea; Cognition Disorders; Comprehension; Coupled; Cues; Disease; Dyslexia; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Eye; Eye Movements; Head; Head Movements; Hearing; Hearing problem; Human; Labyrinth; Lasers; Learning; Light; Lipreading; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Meniere' s Disease; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Movement; Outer Hair Cells; Pathway interactions; Peripheral; Phase; Play; Pontine structure; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Reporting; Reticular Formation; Retina; Role; Route; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Services; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Sound Localization; Source; Speech; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Tinnitus; Travel; Tympanic membrane; Update; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Visuospatial; auditory pathway; auditory processing; autism spectrum disorder; ear muscle; experimental study; eye center; frontal eye fields; human subject; microphone; middle ear; mind control; multisensory; oculomotor; sensory system; sound; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vector; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY Vision helps us hear. For example, lip reading aids speech comprehension, and visual cues are thought to be critical for learning how to localize sounds. Visual-auditory interactions are usually considered to be a cortical phenomenon, but mounting evidence suggests that cross-talk between sensory systems begins well before the cortical stage. In this project, we investigate visual influences over the auditory processing at the earliest point that they occur: in the ear. The auditory pathway has a robust system for modulating the processing of incoming auditory signals via the motoric actions of outer hair cells and middle ear musculature. These structures are under descending control from the brain, providing potential routes for visual-related signals to influence auditory processing. This system is affected by movements of the eyes: we have recently reported a previously unknown oscillation of the eardrum that is time locked to the occurrence of saccades and occurs in the absence of a delivered sound. We hypothesize that the processes that underlie this eye movement-related effect on peripheral auditory processing play a role in reconciling the disparities in visual and auditory spatial signals that accompany eye movements. We will test this hypothesis by determining what eye movement properties determine the properties of the eardrum oscillation, where in the oculomotor system commands that contribute to this effect originate; and how eye-movement related peripheral processing changes in conjunction with changes in the mapping between visual and auditory space. Together, these experiments will shed light on how the brain tunes its auditory input to coordinate with the visual system. The discovery of multisensory signals at the very gateway of the auditory pathway represents a fundamental shift in our understanding of the scope and mechanisms employed not only in service of multisensory integration, but also on what was previously supposed to be unimodal processing. The findings will be relevant to disorders involving hearing as well as other conditions that involve visual and auditory deficits, such as dyslexia, auditory processing disorder, Meniere's disease, autism, schizophrenia, and age-related cognitive impairments.

项目概要 视觉帮助我们听到。例如，唇读有助于言语理解，视觉线索被认为 对于学习如何定位声音至关重要。视觉-听觉相互作用通常被认为是 一种皮质现象，但越来越多的证据表明感觉系统之间的串扰开始 早在皮质阶段之前。在这个项目中，我们研究视觉对听觉处理的影响 它们最早出现的时间点：在耳朵里。 听觉通路有一个强大的系统，用于通过以下方式调节传入听觉信号的处理： 外毛细胞和中耳肌肉组织的运动动作。这些结构正在下降 来自大脑的控制，为视觉相关信号影响听觉处理提供潜在途径。 该系统受到眼睛运动的影响：我们最近报告了一种以前未知的 耳膜的振动与眼跳的发生时间锁定，并且在没有眼跳的情况下发生 发出的声音。 我们假设这种与眼球运动相关的外周听觉影响背后的过程 处理在协调伴随而来的视觉和听觉空间信号的差异方面发挥着作用 眼球运动。我们将通过确定眼球运动特性决定什么来检验这个假设 鼓膜振动的特性，动眼系统命令有助于 这种效应的起源；以及与眼球运动相关的外围处理如何结合变化 视觉和听觉空间之间的映射发生变化。 总之，这些实验将揭示大脑如何调整其听觉输入以与 视觉系统。在听觉通路的入口处发现多感官信号 代表了我们对所采用的范围和机制的理解的根本转变，不仅在 多感官整合的服务，但也基于以前被认为是单峰处理的。 研究结果将与涉及听力的疾病以及涉及视觉的其他疾病相关 和听觉缺陷，如阅读障碍、听觉处理障碍、梅尼埃病、自闭症、 精神分裂症和与年龄相关的认知障碍。