Neural and molecular mechanisms of microbe-sensing in the control of animal behavior - Resubmission - 1

微生物传感控制动物行为的神经和分子机制 - 重新提交 - 1

基本信息

批准号：
10315486
负责人：
Benjamin Brissette
金额：
$ 3.76万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10315486
关键词：
Afferent Neurons Animal Behavior Animal Feed Animals Bacteria Behavior Behavior Control Benign Caenorhabditis elegans Cells Chemicals Complex Consumption Control Animal Cues Data Defect Desire for food Development Eating Eating Disorders Educational process of instructing Educational workshop Enterococcus faecalis Environment Equilibrium Escherichia coli Esthesia Experimental Models Exposure to Failure Food Genetic Grant Health Human Infection International Interneurons Measures Mediating Mentors Methods Microbe Microscope Microscopic Modeling Molecular Monitor Nematoda Nervous System Physiology Nervous system structure Neurons Neurotransmitters New York Obesity Opsin Optical Methods Partner in relationship Pathogenicity Pattern Physiology Play Process Research Research Personnel Role Sensory Signal Transduction Smell Perception Source Starvation Stereotyped Behavior Stimulus Study models System Taste Perception Testing Transgenes Universities Work Writing avoidance behavior behavioral response calcium indicator career experimental study human disease infection management insight medical schools mutant neural circuit neural patterning novel optogenetics pathogen pathogenic bacteria pathogenic microbe preference receptor relating to nervous system response sensory processing disorder symposium tool

项目摘要

Project Summary Animals use chemosensation to evaluate their environment and instruct a wide range of behaviors. Chemosensation is used to locate food and mates and to avoid threats. Such chemosensory stimuli are often complex blends of molecules. How information encoded by the multiple chemosensory neurons that sense these cues is integrated to form a representation of the environment and inform behavior is poorly understood. The microscopic roundworm C. elegans is an excellent model to study in order to determine how animals decode complex chemosensory stimuli to instruct behavior. Its simple and stereotyped behaviors are robustly regulated by chemosensory cues from its environment. Importantly, powerful genetic tools and optical methods are available to study the circuits that process chemosensory stimuli. This project will focus on how C. elegans uses its chemosensory system to distinguish nutritive from pathogenic bacteria. C. elegans eats microbes, but it is also susceptible to infection by pathogens. It is, therefore, critical that C. elegans rapidly detect and avoid pathogens, and recent studies indicate that this is accomplished by chemosensation. Previous experiments used an optical method to identify neurons that are differentially activated by nutritive and pathogenic bacteria, and these studies will be extended by determining (1) how the sensation of these microbes generates different patterns of neural activity and (2) how these patterns of neural activity generate distinct foraging behaviors. This project will be conducted at the New York University School of Medicine and will aid in preparing the applicant for a career as an independent researcher. The applicant will engage in professional development activities such as mentoring, teaching, and grant-writing workshops. They will also present this work at institutional and international conferences on a regular basis. Together, these studies will determine mechanisms by which complex chemosensory stimuli are processed. In addition to advancing understanding of a fundamental process in sensation, these studies will also impact how we understand defects of chemosensory processing that underlie human diseases, e.g. sensory processing disorder, eating disorders such as obesity associated with a failure to sense appetitive cues and sensory deficiencies that cause loss of chemesthesis.

项目概要动物利用化学感觉来评估其环境并指导各种行为行为。化学感应用于定位食物和配偶并避免威胁。这样的化学感应刺激通常是分子的复杂混合物。信息如何编码感知这些线索的多个化学感应神经元被整合以形成人们对环境和信息行为知之甚少。显微蛔虫秀丽隐杆线虫是一个很好的研究模型，可以用来确定如何动物解码复杂的化学感应刺激来指导行为。它简单又刻板行为受到来自环境的化学感应信号的强有力调节。重要的是，强大的遗传工具和光学方法可用于研究处理的电路化学感应刺激。该项目将重点关注线虫如何使用其化学感应系统区分营养菌和病原菌。线虫以微生物为食，但它也易受病原体感染。因此，线虫快速检测和识别至关重要。避免病原体，最近的研究表明这是通过化学感应来实现的。之前的实验使用光学方法来识别差异激活的神经元通过营养和病原菌，这些研究将通过确定（1）如何进行扩展这些微生物的感觉会产生不同的神经活动模式，以及（2）这些微生物如何产生不同的神经活动模式。神经活动模式产生不同的觅食行为。该项目将在纽约大学医学院进行，并将有助于为申请人作为独立研究员的职业生涯做好准备。申请人将从事专业发展活动，例如指导、教学和资助写作研讨会。他们还将定期在机构和国际会议上介绍这项工作。这些研究将共同确定复杂的化学感应刺激的机制。已处理。除了增进对感觉基本过程的理解之外，这些研究还将影响我们如何理解化学感应处理的缺陷人类疾病，例如感觉处理障碍、饮食失调，例如肥胖相关无法感知食欲线索和感觉缺陷，导致化学感觉丧失。