Establishing efficient technologies for ovarian cancer organoid derivation from fresh tumor resections

建立从新鲜肿瘤切除物中衍生卵巢癌类器官的有效技术

• 批准号: 10218117
• 负责人: Laura Andres-Martin
• 金额: $ 19.58万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK STEM CELL FOUNDATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10218117
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Accounting; Adoption; Affect; Antineoplastic Agents; Automation; Basic Science; Biological Assay; Biological Models; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Patient; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Line; Cells; Cessation of life; Clinical; Clinical Research; Colorectal Cancer; Communities; Cryopreservation; Dependence; Derivation procedure; Development; Disease; Drops; Drug resistance; Ensure; Evolution; Excision; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Formulation; Frequencies; Future; Generations; Genetic; Genetic Transcription; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Growth; Growth Factor; Heterogeneity; Histologic; Histology; In Vitro; Laboratory Research; Liquid substance; Maintenance; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of ovary; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mutation; Neoplasm Metastasis; Operative Surgical Procedures; Organoids; Ovarian Carcinoma; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacology; Phenotype; Population; Pre-Clinical Model; Process; Protocols documentation; Research; Robotics; Sampling; Standardization; Stem Cell Development; Survival Rate; Suspensions; Technology; Testing; Therapeutic; TimeLine; Tissues; Translating; Treatment Efficacy; Treatment outcome; Tumor-Derived; Woman; Work; adult stem cell; anticancer research; base; biobank; cancer cell; cancer type; chemotherapeutic agent; chemotherapy; clinical subtypes; clinically relevant; design; drug sensitivity; experimental study; genetic information; high throughput screening; high-throughput drug screening; improved; in vivo; induced pluripotent stem cell; inhibitor/antagonist; malignant breast neoplasm; matrigel; neoplastic cell; ovarian neoplasm; pancreatic cancer patients; patient response; personalized medicine; preservation; relapse patients; response; standard of care; stem cells; success; tissue culture; tumor; tumor heterogeneity

PROJECT SUMMARY Ovarian cancer is among the deadliest cancer types, with a 5-year survival rate of only 47%. Survival rates for women with ovarian cancer have not changed in the past 25 years. This is partly due to the high frequency of patient relapses (over 75%) with cancers exhibiting drug resistance, making these cancers extremely difficult to treat effectively. Exacerbating the issue is that ovarian carcinomas are especially heterogeneous with respect to the cell of origin, genetics, and clinical evolution. These are major impediments to establishing effective experimental models for laboratory research, which are critical to improve the understanding and treatment of each patient's disease. Recent technological advances have enabled the development of `organoids' – 3D self-organized tissue cultures – from adult stem cells and subsequently from tumor samples. Tumor-derived organoids are arranged in a way that mimics the original tumor organization. Tumor-derived organoids that can be cultured long-term offer the advantage of extending the experimental lifetime of tumor resection samples, which are currently a limiting step in cancer research. Recent studies have shown that these organoids faithfully recapitulate the genetics, histology, and drug responses of original tumor samples from breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer patients, paving the way for `living biobanks' of these cancer types. Ovarian cancer organoids have been more challenging to establish, partly because of their heterogeneity and unique growth requirements – but preliminary successes have now made it feasible to develop technology for ovarian cancer organoid derivation from fresh tumor samples. This project aims to build on these recent advances in the development of stem cell culture and stem-cell-based organoids to establish platform technology for ovarian cancer organoid generation. Numerous media conditions will be tested, which in a proof of concept will incorporate tumor genetic information to define specific growth requirements. The organoid models generated will be validated to ensure concordance with the original tumor genetics and histology, modifying the protocols accordingly. This project presents a unique opportunity to investigate whether organoid drug sensitivities correspond to patient treatment outcomes, as patients will be treated with standard-of-care chemotherapies following surgery to take the tumor samples, and organoids will be tested with the same agents. Finally, the protocols generated will be adapted for robotic automation so that numerous samples can be processed and biobanked in parallel at large scale, facilitating future adoption of these methods in a clinical setting. Taken together, this project will establish a new patient-specific preclinical model system to accelerate basic and clinical ovarian cancer research, ranging from disease mechanisms to personalized medicine approaches that will help to prioritize the treatments most likely to be effective for each patient.

项目概要 卵巢癌是最致命的癌症类型之一，5 年生存率仅为 47%。 女性患卵巢癌的比例在过去 25 年里没有发生变化，部分原因是卵巢癌的高发病率。 患者复发（超过 75%）且癌症表现出耐药性，使这些癌症变得极其困难 更严重的是，卵巢癌具有异质性。 关于细胞起源、遗传学和临床进化，这些是建立的主要障碍。 实验室研究的有效实验模型，对于提高理解和理解至关重要 最近的技术进步使得治疗每个患者的疾病成为可能。 “类器官”——3D 自组织组织培养物——来自成体干细胞，随后来自肿瘤样本。 肿瘤来源的类器官以模仿原始肿瘤组织的方式排列。 可以长期培养的类器官具有延长实验寿命的优点 肿瘤切除样本，这是目前癌症研究的一个限制步骤。 研究表明，这些类器官忠实地再现了原始细胞的遗传学、组织学和药物反应 来自乳腺癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌患者的肿瘤样本，为“活生物库”铺平了道路 这些癌症类型的建立更具挑战性，部分原因是 它们的异质性和独特的增长要求——但初步的成功现在已经使 开发从新鲜肿瘤样本中提取卵巢癌类器官的技术。 以干细胞培养和基于干细胞的类器官开发的最新进展为基础 建立卵巢癌类器官生成的平台技术多种介质条件。 将进行测试，在概念验证中将结合肿瘤遗传信息来定义特定的生长 生成的类器官模型将经过验证，以确保与原始肿瘤的一致性。 遗传学和组织学，相应地修改协议，该项目提供了一个独特的机会。 研究类器官药物敏感性是否与患者的治疗结果相对应，因为患者将 手术后接受标准护理化疗以采集肿瘤样本和类器官 最后，生成的协议将适用于机器人自动化。 可以大规模并行处理和生物样本库中的大量样本，从而促进未来的采用 综合这些方法在临床环境中的应用，该项目将建立一种新的针对特定患者的方法。 临床前模型系统可加速卵巢癌的基础和临床研究，范围包括 疾病机制到个性化医疗方法将有助于确定治疗的优先顺序 最有可能对每个患者有效。