OPTICALLY INDUCED ANISOMETROPIA

光学诱发的屈光参差

• 批准号: 2158871
• 负责人: EARL L SMITH
• 金额: $ 14.62万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 1995-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2158871
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; amblyopia; anisometropia; binocular vision; developmental neurobiology; disease /disorder model; electrophysiology; eye accommodation; eye coordination disorder; infant animal; psychophysics; space perception; vision disorders; vision tests; visual depth perception; visual feedback; visual fixation; visual pathways; visual photosensitivity; visual threshold

Amblyopia, a reduction in visual acuity produced by abnormal visual experience early in life, affects up to five percent of the population. Although all forms of amblyopia are characterized by reduced visual acuity, functional differences in the visual capabilities of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes indicate that these two common forms of amblyopia are associated with different neural abnormalities. Knowledge of the neural basis for each form of amblyopia, much of which can only be gained from experiments conducted with appropriate animal models, is required to develop the optimal treatment and management strategies for this common disorder. The long-term objective of the proposed research is to provide insight into human amblyopia through psychophysical investigations of monkey models. Optical and surgical rearing strategies that simulate anisometropia and strabismus, respectively, will be employed to produce a representative range of amblyopias in developing rhesus monkeys. In the proposed investigations, psychophysical procedures will be used to study monocular and binocular visual functions that distinguish anisometropic from strabismic amblyopia and that are thought to reflect fundamental differences in the neural basis for these two forms of amblyopia. Specifically, behavioral procedures will be employed to characterize monocular spatial vision deficits (contrast sensitivity and vernier acuity), binocular interactions (binocular summation and stereopsis), and the prevalence of anomalous adaptive conditions that are commonly observed in humans with abnormal binocular vision (suppression, anomalous retinal correspondence, and eccentric fixation). These experiments will 1) increase our understanding of how anomalous visual experience disrupts normal visual system development and leads to vision disability and 2) determine if, and to what extent, data obtained from monkey models of amblyopia can be extrapolated to human amblyopia.

弱视，视觉异常产生的视力降低 生命早期的经验会影响多达5％的人口。 尽管所有形式的弱视的特征都是视力降低，但 斜视和视觉能力的功能差异和 Anisometropic amblyopes表明这两种常见的弱视形式 与不同的神经异常有关。 了解 每种形式的弱视的神经基础，其中大部分只能获得 从使用适当动物模型进行的实验中，需要 为此共同制定最佳治疗和管理策略 紊乱。 拟议的研究的长期目标是提供有关 人类弱视通过猴子模型的心理物理研究。 光学和外科手术饲养策略，模拟了肛门超图和 斜视将分别用于生产代表 发展恒河猴的弱视范围。 在提议中 调查，心理物理程序将用于研究单眼 以及区分各种视觉的双眼视觉功能 斜视amblyopia，被认为反映了基本 这两种形式的弱视的神经基础上的差异。 具体而言，将采用行为程序来表征 单眼空间视力缺陷（对比度灵敏度和游标 敏锐度），双眼相互作用（双眼求和和立体），以及 通常观察到的异常自适应条件的患病率 在异常双眼视力的人类中（抑制，视网膜异常 对应关系和偏心固定）。 这些实验将1） 提高我们对异常视觉体验如何破坏的理解 正常的视觉系统发展并导致视力障碍和2） 确定从猴子模型获得的数据以及在何种程度上 弱视可以推断到人类弱视。