PRECISE CONTROL OF TONGUE MOVEMENT

精确控制舌头运动

• 批准号: 2127087
• 负责人: STEPHEN J GOLDBERG
• 金额: $ 13.59万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-06-01 至 1996-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2127087
• 关键词: antidromic impulse; biomechanics; electronic stimulator; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; histochemistry /cytochemistry; hypoglossal nerve; hypoglossal nucleus; image processing; laboratory rat; motor neurons; muscle contraction; muscle tension; neuroanatomy; neuromuscular function; silver chloride electrode; stereotaxic techniques; striated muscles; tetany; tongue; video recording system

We propose studies to examine the functional and structural organization of the hypoglossal nucleus and nerve with reference to the mechanical properties of tongue movement. A series of six interrelated, acute experiments on totally anesthetized rats and cats will be done. 1) The forces involved in tongue movement, mainly retrusion and protrusion, will be measured in response to stimulation of the whole Xllth nerve as well as to stimulation of the medial (protrusive division) or lateral (retrusive division) branch of the nerve. Antidromically evoked field potential profiles of the hypoglossal nucleus will also be studied using whole nerve and nerve branch stimulation. These examinations will broadly define tongue forces and nuclear organization. 2) The forces evoked by direct stimulation of the nucleus will be measured in order to more narrowly define the geography of the hypoglossal nucleus. It is expected that stimulation of specific areas will yield retrusion, protrusion as well as movements likely generated by contractIon of the intrinsic musculature. 3) The forces and nuclear profiles associated with the styloglossus and hyoglossus retrussor muscles will be examined. 4) Examination of single motoneuron properties and motor unit mechanical characteristics will be done. Motoneuron conduction velocity, rheobase, and input resistance will be correlated with motor unit twitch and tetanic attributes such as twitch contraction time, fusion frequency, twitch tension, maximum tetanic tension and fatigue. 5) Hypoglossal motor unit recruitment will be assessed through stimulation of cortical sites known to evoke various organized tongue movements. Responses of the antidromically identified cells from "4" above will be examined with reference to their order and degree of activation. 6) Since it is probable that hypoglossal motoneurons fire with intricate patterns in order to produce diverse and rapid tongue movements, we will use various motoneuron stimulation frequencies to examine the possibility that motor unit force production may not always vary in a linear manner. These studies, then, should lay a firm foundation for understanding how the hypoglossal nucleus is functionally and anatomically organized with respect to the forces produced in the tongue. There have been no previous systematic investigations of tongue forces at either the whole muscle or motor unit level, to our knowledge. Such basic information is critical to our understanding and treatment of this important multifunctional organ, particularly with reference to the complex movement patterns used in speech.

我们建议研究功能和结构组织 降低核和神经的神经 舌头运动的特性。一系列六个相互关联的急性 将进行完全麻醉大鼠和猫的实验。 1）参与舌运动的力，主要撤退和 突出将根据刺激整个XLLTH进行测量 神经以及刺激内侧（突出分裂）或 神经的横向（撤回师）分支。抗原诱发 还将研究降压核的现场电位谱。 使用全神经和神经分支刺激。这些检查将会 广泛定义舌和核组织。 2）将测量直接刺激核引起的力 为了更狭窄地定义降临核的地理。 预计特定区域的刺激将撤退， 突出以及可能通过收缩而产生的运动 内在的肌肉。 3）与Styloglossus和 将检查Hyoglossus缩写肌肉。 4）检查单运动神经元特性和电动机机械 特征将完成。运动神经元传导速度，rheobase， 并且输入电阻将与电动机单位抽搐和tetanic相关 诸如抽搐收缩时间，融合频率，抽搐等属性 张力，最大的四张力和疲劳。 5）将通过刺激评估降压运动单元募集 已知唤起各种有组织的舌头运动的皮质部位。 从上面的“ 4”中鉴定出的抗副细胞的响应将是 参考其激活程度进行检查。 6）由于可能会发射复杂的降压运动神经元 模式为了产生各种舌头运动，我们将 使用各种运动神经元刺激频率检查可能性 该电机单位力的产生可能并不总是以线性方式变化。 因此，这些研究应该为了解如何 降压核在功能和解剖学上与 尊重舌头产生的力。以前没有 对整个肌肉或 据我们所知，电动机单位水平。这样的基本信息对 我们对这个重要的多功能器官的理解和处理 特别是在参考中使用的复杂运动模式 演讲。