Influences of storm waves and p squalls during a typhoon: A study of the distribution of atmospheric sea-salt and vapor in a sub-tropical region.

台风期间风暴波和飑的影响：亚热带地区大气海盐和水蒸气分布的研究。

• 批准号: 09450189
• 负责人: NAKAZA Eizo
• 金额: $ 3.33万
• 依托单位: University of the Ryukyus
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09450189/
• 关键词: sea-salt; typhoon surface boundary layer; strong wind; vapor; squall; サンゴ礁; 海塩粒子; 気象緩和; 珊瑚礁; 海淵粒子; 気候緩和; スコール; 大気中塩分濃度; 飛塩

The concentration of wind-borne sea-salt in the atmosphere, the amount of rainfall and the concentration of sea-salt contained in the rain during typhoons were investigated in this research project and the following general results were obtained.1) The amount of sea-salt carried inland by a squall was found to be almost equal to that carried directly by storm sea winds. As the distance inland from the coast increased, the amount of wind-borne sea-salt decreased exponentially at any given height above ground level. In contrast to this, the quantity of sea-salt carried by a squall remained relatively stable, even as the landward distance increased. For any given period of rainfall during a typhoon, the concentration of sea-salt contained in the rainfall in its initial period is over ten times the quantity of that in its middle period, which is about ten times the quantity contained in rainfall on a cold/warm front.2) In weather forecasting, concerning wind and sea-salt mass, an accurate … More typhoon model is essential. In order to create an accurate typhoon model, accurate wind data should be taken from over a wide area, both horizontally and vertically. A new prediction model of a typhoon wind field has been proposed, based on data obtained from the successful observation of an ultra-typhoon.3) It is believed that the vapor quantity in the atmosphere above the sea in the surf-zone exceeds the quantity given off by tropical forests. In this research project, evidence of this was produced quantitatively. This cannot hitherto be confirmed, however, due to a lack of measured data. The observed data shows that the diffusion of vapor supplied by wind-blown seawater spray from the surf zone is limited in the region of the surface boundary layer. The quantity of the sea-salt contained in the atmosphere decreases as the landward distance from the shore increases. This is due to the filter effect of the vegetation, generally forest and sugar cane, which can reach a height of up to 10m, and acts as a windbreak. In contrast to this, the quantity of vapor actually increases. This is explained as follows. As the seawater spray, produced by the breaking waves, is blown inland, it accumulates on the vegetation. These accumulated drops of seawater spray evaporate and vapor is released into the atmosphere. The grains of sea-salt, however, remain attached to the leaves. As a result, the sea-salt contained in the atmosphere over the region of vegetation decreases. Less

本研究项目对台风期间大气中风载海盐量、降雨量以及雨中海盐浓度浓度进行了调查，得到了以下总体结果。 1）研究发现，由暴风雨带入内陆的海盐几乎等于由风暴海风直接带入的海盐。随着内陆与海岸距离的增加，在任何给定的地面高度上，风传播的海盐数量呈指数下降。 。 在与此相反，即使向陆地的距离增加，飑携带的海盐数量仍保持相对稳定。对于台风期间任何给定的降雨期间，其初期降雨中所含的海盐浓度为是中期的十倍以上，大约是冷暖锋降雨量的十倍。2）在天气预报中，关于风和海盐质量，准确的台风模型是基本的。为了创建准确的台风模型，需要从大范围的水平和垂直方向获取准确的风数据，基于成功观测的超强台风风场数据，提出了一种新的台风风场预测模型。 -台风。3）据信，冲浪区海上大气中的蒸气量超过了热带森林释放的量，这一点迄今为止还无法得到证实。然而，由于缺乏测量数据。观测数据表明，来自海浪区的风吹海水喷雾所提供的水蒸气的扩散仅限于表面边界层区域。大气中所含的海盐量随着时间的推移而减少。距海岸的陆地距离增加，这是由于植被（通常是森林和甘蔗）的过滤作用所致，这些植被的高度可达 10 m，并起到防风林的作用。实际上增加了。随着波浪产生的海水雾气被吹向内陆，这些积累的海水雾气蒸发，而海盐颗粒仍然附着在植物上。结果，植被区域大气中所含的海盐减少。

项目成果

Y. Kitamura, et al.: "Observation of ultra typhoon by wind-profiler"Journal of Wind Engineering, J.S.W.E. Vol.15. 19-24 (1998)

Y. Kitamura 等人：“通过风廓线仪观测超强台风”Journal of Wind Engineering，J.S.W.E。

E. Nakaza, et al.: "Comparison of the quantity of sea-salt directly carried in the wind and that brought by a squall"Proceedings of Coastal Engineering in Japan, J.S.C.E.. Vol.45. 1176-1180 (1998)

E. Nakaza 等人：“风中直接携带的海盐量与飑带来的海盐量的比较”日本海岸工程学报，J.S.C.E. 第 45 卷。

仲座 栄三・他5名: "強風時の飛来塩分量と降雨中塩分濃度に関する研究" 海岸工学論文集. 第45巻. 1176-1180 (1998)

Eizo Nakaza 等 5 人：“强风期间空气中盐分含量和降雨中盐度浓度的研究”，海岸工程杂志，第 45 卷，1176-1180（1998 年）。

仲座栄三 他5名: "台風時における大気中の塩分濃度分布に関する研究"海岸工学論文集. 第46巻. 1251-1255 (1998)

Eizo Nakaza等5人：“台风期间大气盐度分布的研究”海岸工程论文第46卷1251-1255（1998）。

仲座 栄三・他4名: "ウィンドプロファイラを用いた台風の観測" 風工学論文集. (発表予定). (1998)

Eizo Nakaza 和其他 4 人：“使用风廓线仪观察台风”《风工程学报》（预定演示文稿）（1998 年）。