Characteristics of hydrogen storage alloys in view of molecular orbital method and design of magnesium-based alloys with high hydrogen capacity

分子轨道法储氢合金特性及高氢容量镁基合金设计

基本信息

批准号：
09450260
负责人：
MORINAGA Masahiko
金额：
$ 6.98万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09450260/
关键词：
Hydrogen storage alloys Molecular orbital method Alloy design Electronic structure 水素

项目摘要

The electronic structures of LaNi_5 and Mg_2Ni both containing variety of alloying elements, M, are investigated by the DV-X_<alpha> cluster method. It is found that hydrogen atoms make a strong chemical bond with Ni atoms rather than La or Mg atoms in pure LaNi_5 or in pure Mg_2 or in pure Mg_2Ni, despite the larger affinity of La or Mg atoms for hydrogen than Ni atoms in the binary metal-hydrogen system. The presence of such metal-hydrogen interactions is characteristic of hydrogen storage alloys.It is also shown that the stability of hydrides formed in the hydrogen storage alloys is well understood in terms of the nature of the chemical bond between atoms in small metal polyhedra where hydrogen is stored and also of the crystal structural evolution during hydrogenation. For example, for the LaNi_5 system, the ratio of the La (M) -Ni bond order to the Ni (M) -Ni bond order correlates well with the experimental data of the equilibrium plateau pressure of hydrogen. On the other hand, for the Mg_2Ni system, both the Ni (M) -Mg bond strength and the Ni (M) -H bond strength correlate well with the measured enthalpy of formation for the hydride.Further, the roles of the hydride forming elements, A, (e.g., La, Zr, Ti, Mg) and non-forming elements, B, (e.g., Ni, Mn, Fe) are elucidated. Also, it is shown that the optimum A/B compositional ratio of hydrogen storage alloys is predictable in terms of a simple parameter, 2 Bo (A-B) / [Bo (A-A) + Bo (B-B) ] , where the Bo (A-B) , the Bo (A-A) and the Bo (B-B) are the bond orders between atoms given in the parentheses. This bond order ratio is highest in Mg_2Ni among the hydrogen storage alloys, because Bo (Mg-Ni) is larger than Bo (Mg-Mg) . Thus, some criteria for alloy design were obtained from this study.

采用DV-X_α团簇法研究了含有多种合金元素M的LaNi_5和Mg_2Ni的电子结构。研究发现，在纯LaNi_5、纯Mg_2或纯Mg_2Ni中，氢原子与Ni原子而不是La或Mg原子形成牢固的化学键，尽管二元金属中La或Mg原子对氢的亲和力比Ni原子大-氢系统。这种金属-氢相互作用的存在是储氢合金的特征。研究还表明，储氢合金中形成的氢化物的稳定性可以根据小金属多面体中原子之间化学键的性质得到很好的理解，其中氢储存以及氢化过程中晶体结构的演变。例如，对于LaNi_5体系，La(M)-Ni键序与Ni(M)-Ni键序之比与氢平衡平台压的实验数据有很好的相关性。另一方面，对于 Mg_2Ni 体系，Ni(M)-Mg 键强度和 Ni(M)-H 键强度与测量的氢化物形成焓有很好的相关性。此外，氢化物形成的作用阐明了元素 A（例如 La、Zr、Ti、Mg）和非形成元素 B（例如 Ni、Mn、Fe）。此外，结果表明，储氢合金的最佳 A/B 成分比可以根据简单参数 2 Bo (A-B) / [Bo (A-A) + Bo (B-B) ] 进行预测，其中 Bo (A-B) 、Bo (A-A) 和 Bo (B-B) 是括号中给出的原子之间的键序。该键序比在储氢合金中在Mg_2Ni中最高，因为Bo(Mg-Ni)大于Bo(Mg-Mg)。因此，从这项研究中获得了合金设计的一些标准。