NEURAL CORRELATES OF AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY

年龄相关记忆差异的神经关联

• 批准号: 2052435
• 负责人: NAFTALI RAZ
• 金额: $ 16.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-30 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2052435
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; aging; atrophy; basal ganglia; brain mapping; cerebellum; cognition; computer assisted diagnosis; diencephalon; hippocampus; human old age (65+); human subject; intelligence tests; magnetic resonance imaging; mathematical model; memory; memory disorders; neocortex; neural degeneration; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; visual perception

Memory complaints are abundant even in healthy elderly, and a clear-cut distinction between pathological declines and normative changes is not easily drawn. Cumulative evidence from research on amnesia suggests that specific areas of the brain may be critically important for acquisition, maintenance and retrieval of memories. In spite of considerable gains of the last decades, our understanding of the relationship between brain aging and the associated declines in memory is still lacking. Aging does not affect all memory functions uniformly. Declarative memory is impaired both in healthy elderly and in amnesiacs, priming is relatively spared in both groups, whereas skill and source memory are spared in amnesia, but impaired in aging. The question is, whether this pattern of selective age-related memory deficits reflects a distinct pattern of brain deterioration. The main objective of the proposed project is to provide a better understanding of the neuroanatomical substrates of the memory functions declining with age. In a series of studies, healthy adults aged 18-88 will undergo tests of amnestic and cognitive functions. The size of specific brain structures will be estimated from magnetic resonance imaging scans using computer-assisted morphometry. The relations between tissue volume in the brain regions of interest (ROIs) and memory functions will be examined using linear models. The following questions will be addressed in three studies. 1. Is age-related atrophy of the hippocampal formation and diencephalic structures predictive of declines in declarative memory? 2. Is intact neocortex necessary for normal repetition priming? 3. Are age-related differences in source memory linked to age-dependent prefrontal cortical atrophy through the decline in working memory? 4. Are the deficits in procedural (skill) memory, frequently observed in older adults, related to age-dependent atrophy of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum?

即使在健康的老年人中，记忆力问题也很常见，并且有明确的 病理性衰退和规范性变化之间的区别并不明显 很容易画出来。 健忘症研究的累积证据表明 大脑的特定区域可能对于习得至关重要， 记忆的维护和检索。 尽管取得了可观的收益 过去几十年来，我们对大脑与大脑之间关系的理解 衰老和相关的记忆力下降仍然缺乏。 衰老确实 不会统一影响所有记忆功能。 陈述性记忆是 在健康老年人和健忘症患者中，启动效应相对较弱。 两组都幸免于难，而技能和源记忆则在 健忘症，但随着年龄的增长而受损。 问题是，这种模式是否 与年龄相关的选择性记忆缺陷反映了一种独特的模式 大脑退化。 拟议项目的主要目标是 提供对神经解剖学基础的更好理解 记忆功能随着年龄的增长而衰退。 在一系列研究中，健康 18-88岁的成年人将接受记忆删除和认知功能测试。 特定大脑结构的大小将通过磁力估计 使用计算机辅助形态测定法进行共振成像扫描。 这 大脑感兴趣区域 (ROI) 中组织体积之间的关系 和记忆功能将使用线性模型进行检查。 下列 问题将在三项研究中得到解决。 1.是否是年龄相关性萎缩 海马结构和间脑结构的预测 陈述性记忆下降？ 2. 完整的新皮质是必要的吗 正常重复启动？ 3. 来源是否存在与年龄相关的差异？ 记忆与年龄依赖性前额皮质萎缩有关 工作记忆力下降？ 4. 程序（技巧）上是否存在缺陷？ 记忆力，经常在老年人中观察到，与年龄相关 基底神经节和小脑萎缩？