BIOMECHANICS OF STEPPING RESPONSES--EFFECTS OF AGING

迈步反应的生物力学——衰老的影响

• 批准号: 2051787
• 负责人: MARK D. GRABINER
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-30 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2051787
• 关键词: accidental falls; aging; ankle; biomechanics; gait; human old age (65+); human subject; knee; muscle strength; neuromuscular function; posture; proprioception /kinesthesia; quality of life

The long-term objectives of this research are to: (1) identify preventable and treatable causes of falling that are unrelated to disease, and (2) to develop clinically practical interventions that will be effective in reducing the incidence of falling in elderly people. In contrast to other investigators who imply, or explicitly express a relationship between age-related increases in static postural sway and falling behavior, our work has resulted in the contention that the commonly observed (but not obligatory) age-related increase in static postural sway does not predispose a person to falling. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in otherwise healthy, elderly people falls result following large postural perturbations from an inability to restore postural stability due, primarily to an age-related decrease in the ability to generate and coordinate multiple muscle/joint (lower extremity and trunk) powers. The proposed research is unique in that it will induce large postural perturbations that require stepping responses and to which recovery of postural stability is increasingly difficult and not always possible. The muscle power variables hypothesized to be crucial to recovery of stability will be computed from each postural perturbation condition, the clinically measurable correlates of these variables measured in the same subjects, and the relationships between these variables and the likelihood of falling characterized. The specific aims of this research are to (1) determine the relationships between measures of static postural stability and the likelihood of falling subsequent to large postural perturbations that require stepping responses; (2) characterize the critical kinematic and kinetic determinants of stepping responses that are associated with successful restoration of postural stability following (a) sudden release from statically unstable positions, (b) sudden accelerations and continued motion of the support surface, (c) trips induced during locomotion; (3) to establish the relationship between the lower extremity (ankle and knee) and trunk muscle powers that may be measured in the laboratory/clinic and the likelihood of falling during the experiments of Specific Aim 2. This research will identify specific age-related deficits in the neuromuscular system related to decreased ability to recover postural stability following large postural perturbations and provide direction toward specific clinical intervention. Ultimately, this research will contribute to improving and extending the independent lifestyles of elderly people thereby having a positive effect on the quality of life and the economics of aging.

这项研究的长期目标是：（1）确定 可预防和可治疗的原因与 疾病，（2）开发临床上实用的干预措施 有效减少老年人坠落的发生率。在 与暗示或明确表达的其他调查员形成鲜明对比 与年龄相关的静态姿势摇摆和年龄相关的关系之间的关系 行为下降，我们的工作导致了这样的论点 通常观察到（但不强制性）与年龄有关的静态增加 姿势摇摆不容易使人跌倒。此外，它 假设在健康的健康，老年人跌倒的结果 从无法恢复的大量姿势扰动之后 姿势稳定性是由于年龄相关的姿势稳定性 能够产生和协调多个肌肉/关节（下肢 和树干）力量。拟议的研究是独一无二的 需要阶梯响应的大型姿势扰动 恢复姿势稳定性越来越困难，并非总是如此 可能的。肌肉力量变量假设 稳定性的恢复将从每个姿势扰动中计算 条件，这些变量的临床可测量相关性 在同一主题中衡量，这些关系之间的关系 变量和跌倒的可能性的特征。具体目标 这项研究的是（1）确定措施之间的关系 静态姿势稳定性以及随后下降的可能性 需要阶梯响应的大型姿势扰动； （2） 表征步进的关键运动学和动力学决定因素 与成功恢复姿势有关的反应 稳定性之后（a）突然从静态不稳定释放 位置，（b）突然加速和支持的持续运动 表面，（c）运动期间诱发的旅行； （3）建立 下肢（踝关节和膝盖）和躯干之间的关系 可以在实验室/诊所和 在特定目标2的实验中跌落的可能性2。 研究将确定神经肌肉中与年龄相关的特定缺陷 与恢复姿势稳定能力降低有关的系统 遵循巨大的姿势扰动，并为 具体的临床干预。最终，这项研究将做出贡献 改善和延长老年人的独立生活方式 从而对生活质量和经济学产生积极影响 衰老。