BIOMECHANICS OF STEPPING RESPONSES--EFFECTS OF AGING

迈步反应的生物力学——衰老的影响

• 批准号: 2051787
• 负责人: MARK D. GRABINER
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-30 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2051787
• 关键词: accidental falls; aging; ankle; biomechanics; gait; human old age (65+); human subject; knee; muscle strength; neuromuscular function; posture; proprioception /kinesthesia; quality of life

The long-term objectives of this research are to: (1) identify preventable and treatable causes of falling that are unrelated to disease, and (2) to develop clinically practical interventions that will be effective in reducing the incidence of falling in elderly people. In contrast to other investigators who imply, or explicitly express a relationship between age-related increases in static postural sway and falling behavior, our work has resulted in the contention that the commonly observed (but not obligatory) age-related increase in static postural sway does not predispose a person to falling. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in otherwise healthy, elderly people falls result following large postural perturbations from an inability to restore postural stability due, primarily to an age-related decrease in the ability to generate and coordinate multiple muscle/joint (lower extremity and trunk) powers. The proposed research is unique in that it will induce large postural perturbations that require stepping responses and to which recovery of postural stability is increasingly difficult and not always possible. The muscle power variables hypothesized to be crucial to recovery of stability will be computed from each postural perturbation condition, the clinically measurable correlates of these variables measured in the same subjects, and the relationships between these variables and the likelihood of falling characterized. The specific aims of this research are to (1) determine the relationships between measures of static postural stability and the likelihood of falling subsequent to large postural perturbations that require stepping responses; (2) characterize the critical kinematic and kinetic determinants of stepping responses that are associated with successful restoration of postural stability following (a) sudden release from statically unstable positions, (b) sudden accelerations and continued motion of the support surface, (c) trips induced during locomotion; (3) to establish the relationship between the lower extremity (ankle and knee) and trunk muscle powers that may be measured in the laboratory/clinic and the likelihood of falling during the experiments of Specific Aim 2. This research will identify specific age-related deficits in the neuromuscular system related to decreased ability to recover postural stability following large postural perturbations and provide direction toward specific clinical intervention. Ultimately, this research will contribute to improving and extending the independent lifestyles of elderly people thereby having a positive effect on the quality of life and the economics of aging.

本研究的长期目标是：（1）确定 与以下因素无关的可预防和可治疗的跌倒原因 疾病，以及（2）制定临床实用的干预措施 可有效降低老年人跌倒的发生率。在 与其他研究人员暗示或明确表达的相反 与年龄相关的静态姿势摇摆增加与 跌倒行为，我们的工作导致了这样的争论： 通常观察到（但不是强制性的）与年龄相关的静电增加 姿势摇摆不会导致人跌倒。此外，它 假设在其他方面健康的情况下，老年人跌倒会导致 由于无法恢复而导致严重的姿势紊乱 姿势稳定性主要是由于年龄相关的下降 产生和协调多个肌肉/关节（下肢 和主干）的权力。拟议的研究的独特之处在于它将引发 需要步进响应的大姿势扰动 恢复姿势稳定性越来越困难，而且并不总是如此 可能的。肌肉力量变量被认为是至关重要的 稳定性的恢复将从每个姿势扰动中计算出来 条件，这些变量的临床可测量相关性 在同一对象中进行测量，以及这些对象之间的关系 变量和下降特征的可能性。具体目标 这项研究的目的是（1）确定措施之间的关系 静态姿势稳定性和跌倒的可能性 需要步进响应的大姿势扰动； (2) 描述步进的关键运动学和动力学决定因素 与成功恢复姿势相关的反应 (a) 静态不稳定突然释放后的稳定性 位置，(b) 支撑物突然加速和持续运动 表面，(c) 运动过程中引起的绊倒； (3) 建立 下肢（踝关节和膝关节）与躯干的关系 可以在实验室/诊所和现场测量的肌肉力量 在特定目标 2 的实验中跌倒的可能性。 研究将确定神经肌肉中与年龄相关的特定缺陷 与恢复姿势稳定性能力下降相关的系统 跟踪大的姿势扰动并提供方向 具体的临床干预。最终，这项研究将有助于 改善和延长老年人的独立生活方式 从而对生活质量和经济产生积极影响 的老化。