Estimation of Biiological Purification Potentials of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Estuarinrin Sediment of Urban River

城市河流河口沉积物中石油烃的生物净化潜力估算

基本信息

批准号：
08680551
负责人：
KOBAYASHI Akiko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Estuarine sediments in urban rivers contain petroleum hydrocarbons which are derived from numerous deverse sources such as motor vehicle exhaust, fuel combustion products, airborne particulate matter, and high-boiling temperature petroleum distilllates. We determine the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation rates of the substrates of petroleum hydrocarbons using estuarine sediment from the Tama River in urban Tokyo.Known amounts of the selected petroleum hydrocarbons were added to a sediment sulurry which was prepared by mixing the sediment with river bottom water (sediment : water, 1 : 1. v/v). We added petroleum hydrocarbons to a test tube (100ml volume), and then added 10ml of sediment slurry. We periodically extracted petroleum hydrocarbons from the sediment slurry using ethyl acetate, and then determined their concentration by FID gas chromatography or spectrophotometer.When the maximum microbial purification potentials of petroleum hydrocarbons are estimated under anaerobic conditions, the degradation ratio by the stationary culture is better than by the shaking culture. For example, the degradation ratio of hexadecane for 30 days is 45% by shaking and 89% by stationary. In hexadecanol, it is 31% by shaking and 97% by stationary for 15 days. In p-chlorphenol, it is 6% by shakin and 94% by stationary for 25 days. In m-aminobenzoic acid, it is trace by shaking and 96% by stationary for 19 days. It is obvious that the reason is not the cell damage by shaking or short contact time between substrate and degrading cell, but adaptaion of cultivation condition. The[ sediment core experiments suggested that aerobic microorganisms in oxidized surficail sediment were more capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon than microorganisms in anaerobic sediment. The bio-purification potential of hexadecane, phenanthrene and anthracene in Tama River were evalutated in anaerobic core sediment.

城市河流的河口沉积物含有石油碳氢化合物，这些石油碳氢化合物来源于多种不同来源，例如机动车尾气、燃料燃烧产物、空气中的颗粒物和高沸点石油馏分。我们使用东京市区多摩河的河口沉积物测定了石油烃底物的需氧和厌氧生物降解率。将已知量的选定石油烃添加到通过将沉积物与河底水混合而制备的沉积物浆中（沉积物:水，1:1。v/v)。我们将石油烃加入到试管（100ml体积）中，然后加入10ml沉淀浆。我们定期使用乙酸乙酯从沉积浆中提取石油烃，然后通过 FID 气相色谱法或分光光度计测定其浓度。当估算厌氧条件下石油烃的最大微生物净化潜力时，固定培养的降解率优于固定培养的降解率。通过震动文化。例如，十六烷30天的降解率，振荡时为45%，静置时为89%。在十六醇中，摇动 15 天后，其含量为 31%，静置 15 天后，含量为 97%。对氯苯酚中，摇动后为 6%，静置 25 天后为 94%。间氨基苯甲酸中，摇动时为微量，静置19天时为96%。显然，其原因不是摇晃或基质与降解细胞接触时间过短造成的细胞损伤，而是培养条件的适应。沉积物岩心实验表明，氧化表面沉积物中的好氧微生物比厌氧沉积物中的微生物更有能力降解石油烃。评估了多摩河厌氧核心沉积物中十六烷、菲和蒽的生物净化潜力。