Population Biology of African Malaria Vectors and Parasites

非洲疟疾媒介和寄生虫的群体生物学

• 批准号: 10542836
• 负责人: Guiyun Yan
• 金额: $ 29.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-29 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10542836
• 关键词: Address; Africa; African; Agriculture; Behavior; Behavioral; Bioinformatics; Biology; Biometry; Bite; California; Career Mobility; Country; Culicidae; Deforestation; Development; Educational Curriculum; Educational workshop; Effectiveness; Environmental Impact; Epidemiology; Ethiopia; Evaluation; Genomics; Goals; Infrastructure; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; International; Intervention; Irrigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Malaria; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Molecular Biology; Parasites; Population Biology; Postdoctoral Fellow; Research; Residual state; Resistance development; Scientist; Site; Trainers Training; Training; Training Programs; Universities; Urbanization; Vector Ecology; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Writing; career development; doctoral student; empowerment; environmental change; experience; new technology; programs; responsible research conduct; tool; vector; vector control

Population Biology of African Malaria Vectors and Parasites Malaria is the most fatal vector-borne disease in Africa. At present, the first-line intervention tools are insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spray that target indoor-biting mosquitoes. However, the spread of insecticide resistance and increasing outdoor biting behaviors of the malaria vectors has significantly hindered the effectiveness of these tools, resulting slow progress of malaria control in the past several years across Africa. In addition, the African continent has been experiencing very rapid environmental changes such as urbanization, deforestation, dam construction, irrigation and the resulting agricultural practice shift in the past two decades. On top of the vector behavioral change and insecticide resistance development, rapid environmental changes in the African continent have added additional challenges in malaria control. Addressing these challenges in malaria control requires knowledge on the impact of environmental modification on vector biology and epidemiology, and requires optimization of the vector control methods that are adaptive to the rapidly changing vector ecology and malaria epidemiology. Recent advancements in molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics and ecological modeling, provide exciting opportunities for developing new malaria vector control tools and application strategies. Unfortunately, a large number of scientists from malaria-endemic countries have not been able to leverage these new technologies extensively in their research. The specific scientific objectives of this competing renewal application focus on mechanistic studies on the impact of environmental modifications on malaria vector biology, epidemiology, and development and evaluation of new malaria vector control tools and application strategies. The overarching goal of this program is to advance the career development of promising young scientists from sub-Saharan African countries and assist them address the new challenges in malaria vector control in their regions. We propose to accomplish this goal by training four postdoctoral fellows and eight Ph.D. students from malaria-endemic Africa, and through workshops and “training the trainers” sessions to broaden the impact of this program. In addition to obtaining research experience in molecular biology, bioinformatics, vector ecology and epidemiology, the program will offer a core training curriculum that focuses on biostatistics, bioinformatics, modeling, scientific writing and responsible conduct of research. The superb infrastructure and capacity at the international training sites in Kenya and Ethiopia and at the University of California at Irvine are ideal for the proposed training. This training program will contribute significantly to malaria research capacity building in Africa and career development of African scientists by bridging laboratory and field research experience in vector biology and malaria epidemiology, by equipping them with new technologies, by providing opportunities for them to develop valuable Africa-wide and international linkages, and empowering them to build and develop independent research capacity and projects.

非洲疟疾媒介和寄生虫的种群生物学 疟疾是非洲最致命的媒介传播疾病。目前，一线 干预工具是针对杀虫剂处理的网和室内残留喷雾剂 室内吸引蚊子。但是，杀虫剂耐药性和增加 疟疾媒介的室外咬人行为极大地阻碍了 这些工具的有效性，过去导致疟疾控制的缓慢进展 整个非洲几年。此外，非洲大陆一直在经历 城市化，森林砍伐，大坝等环境变化非常迅速 过去两个 几十年。在矢量行为变化和抗杀虫剂抗性之上 发展，非洲大陆的快速环境变化增加了 疟疾控制方面的其他挑战。解决疟疾控制中的这些挑战 需要了解环境修饰对向量生物学的影响和 流行病学，需要优化自适应的向量控制方法 迅速变化的媒介生态学和疟疾流行病学。最近的进步 在分子生物学，基因组学，生物信息学和生态建模中，提供了令人兴奋的 开发新的疟疾媒介控制工具和应用策略的机会。 不幸的是，来自疟疾 - 内态国家的大量科学家尚未 他们能够在研究中广泛利用这些新技术。具体 该竞争更新应用的科学目标重点是机械研究 关于环境修饰对疟疾媒介生物学，流行病学的影响， 以及新的疟疾媒介控制工具和应用的开发和评估 策略。该计划的总体目标是推进职业发展 承诺来自撒哈拉以南非洲国家的年轻科学家并协助他们 解决其地区疟疾媒介控制的新挑战。我们建议 通过训练四个博士后研究员和八个博士学位来实现这一目标。来自 疟疾 - 内向非洲，通过研讨会和“培训培训师”会议 扩大该计划的影响。除了获得研究经验 分子生物学，生物信息学，媒介生态学和流行病学，该计划将 提供核心培训课程，专注于生物统计学，生物信息学，建模， 科学写作和负责任的研究行为。精湛的基础设施和 肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚国际培训地点以及大学的能力 欧文的加利福尼亚是拟议培训的理想选择。该培训计划将 为非洲和职业的疟疾研究能力建设做出了重大贡献 通过弥合实验室和现场研究经验来发展非洲科学家 媒介生物学和疟疾流行病学，通过为它们提供新技术， 为他们提供机会开发有价值的非洲和国际宝贵的机会 联系，并授权他们建立和发展独立的研究能力 和项目。