Cortical basis of complex motor sequences in humans for neural interfaces

人类神经接口复杂运动序列的皮层基础

基本信息

批准号：
10491780
负责人：
JAIMIE M HENDERSON
金额：
$ 131.17万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-22 至 2026-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10491780
关键词：
Algorithms Animals Area Bilateral Body part Brain Cellular Phone Cerebral hemisphere Chronic Clinical Clinical Research Clinical Trials Code Communication Complex Computers Creativeness Data Devices Dimensions Enrollment Face Generations Goals Hand Handwriting Head Health Personnel Healthcare Human Implant Individual Investigation Knowledge Leg Length Limb structure Link Medial Mental Processes Methods Motion Motor Motor Cortex Movement Muscle Nervous System Trauma Neurons Neurosciences Paralysed Performance Persons Population Precentral gyrus Prosthesis Quadriplegia Recreation Reporting Research Support Resolution Safety Seminal Signal Transduction Site Speech Speed System Technology Text Time Translating United States National Institutes of Health Utah Work Writing arm arm movement base body map brain computer interface design exoskeleton experience functional restoration limb movement loved ones motor impairment nervous system disorder neuroethics neuromechanism neurophysiology next generation nonhuman primate novel pre-clinical research relating to nervous system restoration safety assessment social virtual reality

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) can restore lost function for people with severe speech and motor impairment (SSMI) due to neurological injury or disease. Despite tremendous recent progress, iBCI performance remains well below that of able-bodied people. In prior NIH- supported research, our collaborative team developed a high-performance intracortical brain- computer interface (iBCI) that decodes arm movement intentions directly from brain activity. This technology has allowed people with SSMI to control a computer cursor with sufficient speed and accuracy to type at up to 8 words/min and has enabled full control of unmodified consumer devices using only decoded motor cortical activity. In the proposed U01 clinical research, we will take an important next step for the field: investigating neural ensemble encoding during complex tasks that only people are capable of performing (i.e., moving arbitrary combinations of limbs and body parts, and handwriting). This work will build upon decades of experience in studying the motor system in humans and non-human primates, with the end goal of advancing iBCI technology, and will be performed as part of the multi-site BrainGate consortium. We propose to study in detail, at 'coarse' and 'fine' scales, how the Precentral Gyrus (PCG; “motor cortex”) generates complex movements. We will base our investigations on two new key discoveries from our lab: 1) that a small area of the PCG encodes movements of all 4 limbs in a ‘compositional’ way, allowing differentiation of separate limb and movement encoding dimensions, and 2) that complex, dexterous movements such as handwriting can be accurately decoded from the PCG of people with paralysis. The results of these detailed fundamental neuroscience studies will enable us to then design and demonstrate two entirely new iBCIs: a system for helping restore continuous motion of the entire body in virtual reality (‘Whole-Body iBCI') and a system to substantially increase on-screen text generation speed (‘Handwriting iBCI’). Finally, we will continue to evaluate the safety profile of Utah-array based iBCIs through the ongoing BrainGate2 pilot clinical trial, with particular emphasis on critical neuroethics considerations. Upon completion, this project will advance both the capabilities of iBCIs for restoration of lost function and our understanding of the detailed neural mechanisms of complex movements.

项目概要皮质内脑机接口（iBCIs）可以恢复患有严重疾病的人失去的功能由于神经损伤或疾病造成的言语和运动障碍（SSMI）尽管巨大。从最近的进展来看，iBCI 的表现仍然远低于之前 NIH 中身体健全的人的表现。在研究的支持下，我们的合作团队开发了一种高性能的皮质内大脑计算机接口（iBCI），直接从大脑活动解码手臂运动意图。这项技术使 SSMI 患者能够以足够的能力控制计算机光标打字速度和准确性高达 8 个字/分钟，并且能够完全控制未修改的内容在拟议的 U01 临床中，仅使用解码的运动皮质活动的消费设备。研究，我们将在该领域迈出重要的下一步：研究神经集成在只有人能够执行的复杂任务中进行编码（即，移动任意这项工作将建立在数十年的基础上。研究人类和非人类灵长类动物运动系统的经验，最终目标先进的 iBCI 技术，并将作为多站点 BrainGate 的一部分进行我们建议在“粗”和“细”尺度上详细研究Precentral如何脑回（PCG；“运动皮层”）产生复杂的运动，我们的研究将基于此。我们实验室的两个新的关键发现：1）PCG 的一小部分区域编码了所有 4 个肢体以“组合”方式，允许区分单独的肢体和运动编码维度，以及 2）复杂、灵巧的动作（例如手写）可以被从瘫痪者的 PCG 中准确解码出这些详细的结果。基础神经科学研究将使我们能够设计并展示两个完全新的 iBCIs：帮助恢复虚拟现实中整个身体连续运动的系统（“Whole-Body iBCI”）和一个可大幅提高屏幕文本生成速度的系统（“手写 iBCI”）。最后，我们将继续评估基于 Utah 阵列的安全性。 iBCIs 通过正在进行的 BrainGate2 试点临床试验，特别强调关键完成后，该项目将提高神经伦理学的能力。用于恢复丧失功能的 iBCIs 以及我们对详细神经机制的理解复杂的动作。