Characterizing Brain Activation and Postural Response During Concurrent Cognitive Tasks in the Presence of Optic Flow Stimulation: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

在存在光流刺激的情况下，表征并发认知任务期间的大脑激活和姿势反应：一项功能性近红外光谱研究

• 批准号: 10491816
• 负责人: Brian Sylcott
• 金额: $ 18.87万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10491816
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Area; Attention; Auditory; Bilateral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Complex; Contracts; Data; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Equilibrium; Freedom; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gait; Gender; Human; Illusions; Individual; Inferior; Life; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Motion; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Parietal Lobe; Persons; Physiological; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postural response; Posture; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reaction Time; Research; Research Personnel; Resource Allocation; Resources; Speed; Stimulus; Study Subject; Superior temporal gyrus; Technology; Vision; Visit; Visual; age effect; aged; aging brain; aging population; base; cognitive task; design; fall risk; falls; functional near infrared spectroscopy; head mounted display; interest; multisensory; neuroimaging; novel; optic flow; particle; recruit; relating to nervous system; sensory input; sensory integration; sensory mechanism; somatosensory; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; virtual reality system; visual information; visual stimulus; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Human postural control involves multiple sensory integrations from visual, somatosensory, and vestibular inputs. Due to a decline in somatosensation and vestibular function that occurs with aging, vision becomes the dominant sensory input used to maintain balance in elderly adults. Studies have used optic flow (OF) to examine the effect of visual input on postural control. While optic flow stimulus can be presented through traditional PC monitor setups, the advent of consumer grade virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays has provided new options. An immersive VR environment is advantageous because it can provide OF stimulus to induce a self-motion illusion that provokes postural responses while also isolating the subject from outside stimuli. In addition to visual information, attention is critical for older individuals to maintain good balance. Studies have used dual-task paradigms, such as performing a concurrent cognitive task along with a balance task, to examine the cognitive demands associated with postural control. However, the mechanisms of sensory integration processing and neural resource allocation in the human brain have not been fully investigated in real balance tasks with concurrent cognitive tasks. A novel neuroimaging method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), provides us the opportunity to explore the underlying mechanism of postural control in the human brain. The purpose of this research is to investigate physiological limitations when processing OF information and observe the neural resource allocation during dual-task conditions. In this study, healthy younger adults (aged 25-45 y.o., n = 24), healthy older adults (aged 65-85 y.o., n = 24), and older adults at risk of falling based on the STEADI and clinical balance/gait assessments (aged 65-85 y.o., n = 24) will be recruited. In the first visit subjects will be asked to wear a VR head mounted display that will present the OF stimulation. Particle movement speed will vary between six levels, 0 m/s (static), 5m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, and 25 m/s. The nonstatic OF speeds will be contracted to the static OF (0 m/s) in a block design, (A1-B-A2), for a total of six conditions. Each block will last for 30 seconds. In the second visit, the subjects will perform two auditory reaction time tasks while receiving OF stimulation at the speeds of 5 m/s and 20 m/s. During the two study visits fNIRS will be used to measure brain activity in regions of interest (ROIs) including the bilateral prefrontal cortices, superior temporal areas, and temporoparietal junctions. We will compare the group, gender, and hemisphere differences in the ROIs. A repeated measure ANOVA will be used to analyze the reaction time and postural sway data to examine the effects of Group (younger, older, and older adults with fall risks), OF speed (six OF speeds), Block (A1, B, and A2), and their interactions.

项目概要 人类姿势控制涉及来自视觉、体感和前庭输入的多种感觉整合。 由于随着年龄的增长，体感和前庭功能下降，视觉成为主导 用于维持老年人平衡的感觉输入。研究使用光流 (OF) 来检验效果 视觉输入对姿势控制的影响。而光流刺激可以通过传统的PC显示器呈现 随着消费级虚拟现实 (VR) 头戴式显示器的出现，提供了新的选择。一个 沉浸式 VR 环境的优势在于它可以提供 OF 刺激来诱发自我运动错觉 这会引起姿势反应，同时也将受试者与外界刺激隔离开来。除了视觉上的 信息、注意力对于老年人保持良好的平衡至关重要。研究使用双任务 范式，例如执行并发认知任务和平衡任务，以检查认知能力 与姿势控制相关的要求。然而，感觉统合处理的机制和 人脑中的神经资源分配尚未在实际平衡任务中得到充分研究 并发认知任务。一种新颖的神经成像方法，功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）， 为我们提供了探索人脑姿势控制的潜在机制的机会。这 本研究的目的是调查处理 OF 信息时的生理限制并观察 双任务条件下的神经资源分配。在这项研究中，健康的年轻人（25​​-45 岁， n = 24）、健康老年人（65-85 岁，n = 24）以及根据 STEADI 有跌倒风险的老年人 并将招募临床平衡/步态评估（年龄 65-85 岁，n = 24）。第一次访问的对象将是 要求佩戴 VR 头戴式显示器，呈现 OF 刺激。粒子的运动速度将 速度在 0 m/s（静态）、5m/s、10 m/s、15 m/s、20 m/s 和 25 m/s 六个级别之间变化。非静态 OF 速度将 收缩到块设计中的静态 OF (0 m/s) (A1-B-A2)，总共有六个条件。每个块都会 持续30秒。在第二次访问中，受试者将在接收信息的同时执行两项听觉反应时间任务 OF 刺激速度为 5 m/s 和 20 m/s。在两次研究访问期间，将使用 fNIRS 来测量 感兴趣区域 (ROI) 的大脑活动，包括双侧前额皮质、颞上区和 颞顶交界处。我们将比较 ROI 中的组别、性别和半球差异。一个 重复测量方差分析将用于分析反应时间和姿势摇摆数据，以检查 组（年轻人、老年人和有跌倒风险的老年人）、OF 速度（六种 OF 速度）、区块（A1、B 和 A2) 以及它们之间的相互作用。