Spatiotemporal dynamics of locus coeruleus norepinephrine release in a learned behavior

学习行为中蓝斑去甲肾上腺素释放的时空动态

基本信息

批准号：
10463122
负责人：
Gabrielle Drummond
金额：
$ 4.68万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-03-15 至 2024-09-14
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10463122
关键词：
Address Aging Air Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anatomy Arousal Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Auditory Axon Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain Stem Brain region Cell Nucleus Cerebellum Cognition Communication Communities Data Etiology Event Exhibits Functional disorder Goals Image Immunohistochemistry Impaired cognition Kinetics Knowledge Learning Measures Mediating Mental Depression Mentors Monitor Motor Motor Cortex Movement Mus Negative Reinforcements Neuromodulator Neurons Neurosciences Norepinephrine Output Phase Population Positive Reinforcements Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Prefrontal Cortex Process Prosencephalon Psychological reinforcement Publications Punishment Rewards Role Scientist Sensory Signal Transduction Source Specificity Spinal Cord Stimulus System Task Performances Techniques Testing Tissues Training Uncertainty Viral Water Work behavioral outcome brain dysfunction density flexibility functional outcomes genetic manipulation improved innovation insight learned behavior locus ceruleus structure nervous system disorder neuropsychiatric disorder neuroregulation norepinephrine system novel optogenetics posters response segregation sensor skills spatiotemporal student mentoring theories two-photon

项目摘要

Project Summary The locus coeruleus (LC), a small brainstem nucleus, is the primary source of the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) in the brain. The LC receives input from widespread brain regions and projects throughout the forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. LC neurons release NE tonically to regulate baseline arousal, and phasically in the context of a variety of sensory-motor and behavioral functions. However, despite its brain-wide effects, the modes of NE action during behavior are poorly understood. One prevailing theory suggests that NE acts to control the gain of output circuits, thereby modulating task performance by enhancing or dampening responses to stimuli. However, another theory suggests that NE release in cortical output regions acts to reset network activity, enabling task-switching or learning of new rules. Neither of these theories adequately explains the many observed roles of the LC-NE system in learning and behavior. I propose a new hypothesis of LC function, that spatiotemporal dynamics and modular circuits enable dissociated roles for the LC in behavioral execution and reinforcement learning during learned behaviors. Here, I propose to examine multiple features of this hypothesis using innovative approaches combining advanced 2-photon imaging of NE release in target regions and optogenetic manipulation of LC neurons and axons. In Aim 1, I will manipulate the activity of LC neurons in mice performing an instrumentally conditioned task in which they detect auditory tones of variable intensity, execute a response, and receive positive or negative reinforcement. I will examine the hypothesis that LC-NE activity pre-lever press facilitates task execution on high uncertainty trials, and LC-NE activity post-reinforcement facilitates task optimization. In Aim 2, I will assess the anatomical modularity of LC projections to motor cortex (MC) or prefrontal cortex (PFC), and monitor the fast kinetics of NE release in MC and PFC to examine the hypothesis that NE is preferentially released in MC pre-task execution and released globally post-negative reinforcement. In Aim 3, I will examine the hypothesis that differential integration of NE release in MC versus globally facilitates task execution and learning, respectively. I will measure the impact on behavior of silencing NE activity in these cortical targets using optogenetic silencing of NE axons. These data will provide essential information for a new theory of the role of LC in cognition, and provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the role of LC-NE dysfunction in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Through the completion of this project, I will become an expert in applying a wide range of systems neuroscience techniques, practice project management and mentoring students, improve my communication skills through publications, posters, and presentations, and interact with and learn from my scientific mentors as well as the community outside my lab and MIT. This training will enable me to achieve my goal of becoming and independent scientist.

项目摘要小脑干核位基因座（LC）是神经调节剂的主要来源大脑中的去甲肾上腺素（NE）。 LC从整个大脑区域和项目中收到投入前脑，脑干，小脑和脊髓。 LC神经元在调节基线的情况下释放NE 在各种感觉运动和行为函数的背景下进行唤醒。但是，尽管如此它在脑部范围内，行为过程中的NE作用模式知之甚少。一种流行的理论建议NE采取行动来控制输出电路的增益，从而通过增强来调节任务性能或抑制对刺激的反应。但是，另一种理论表明NE释放皮质输出区域采取行动重置网络活动，实现任务切换或学习新规则。这些都不是理论充分解释了LC-NE系统在学习和行为中的许多作用。我建议 LC功能的新假设，即时空动力学和模块化电路可实现分解的作用在学习行为期间的行为执行和加强学习中。在这里，我建议使用与高级2-Photon结合的创新方法检查该假设的多个特征 NE释放在目标区域的成像以及LC神经元和轴突的光遗传操作。在AIM 1中，我会操纵LC神经元在执行具有乐器条件任务的小鼠中的活性检测可变强度，执行响应并获得正面或负面增强的听觉音调。我将研究以下假设：LC-NE活动前杠杆式新闻有助于高度不确定性的任务执行试验和LC-NE活动在增强后有助于任务优化。在AIM 2中，我将评估解剖学 LC对运动皮层（MC）或前额叶皮层（PFC）的模块化模块化，并监测快速动力学 NE在MC和PFC中释放，以检查NE在MC预任务中优先释放的假设执行并释放全球阴性后加固。在AIM 3中，我将研究以下假设 NE释放在MC与全球的差异整合分别促进了任务执行和学习。我将使用光遗传学来衡量这些皮质靶标中沉默NE活性行为的影响 NE轴突的沉默。这些数据将为LC在认知，并为理解LC-NE功能障碍在一系列范围内的作用提供了机械基础神经精神疾病。通过完成该项目，我将成为应用广泛的专家系统范围的神经科学技术，实践项目管理和指导学生，改善我的通过出版物，海报和演示文稿进行沟通技巧，并与我的互动和学习科学导师以及我的实验室和麻省理工学院以外的社区。这项培训将使我能够实现我的成为独立科学家的目标。