Plasticity, Perception, and the Medial Temporal Lobes

可塑性、感知和内侧颞叶

基本信息

批准号：
10420256
负责人：
Andrew P Yonelinas
金额：
$ 38.95万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-03-01 至 2024-09-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10420256
关键词：
Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anterior Area Attention Automobile Driving Behavioral Binding Brain Brain imaging Brain region Cognitive deficits Color Complex Conscious Detection Development Discrimination Disease Environment Episodic memory Event Eye Eye Movements Form Perception Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Funding Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Human Individual Knowledge Lesion Link Location Medial Mental Depression Methods Modeling Monitor Neurologic Patients Pattern Perception Performance Peripheral Play Population Process Protocols documentation Psychophysics Receiver Operating Characteristics Resolution Role Sampling Scanning Schizophrenia Series Short-Term Memory Temporal Lobe Testing Time Vision Vision Tests Visual Visual Perception Visual system structure Work age related aged design gaze healthy aging imaging modality multimodality neural circuit novel patient population rehabilitation strategy relating to nervous system sample fixation theories visual cognition visual control visual information visual process visual processing visual tracking

项目摘要

Summary: The overall goal of the proposal is to determine the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in visual perception and working memory. Although it is well established that the MTL is critical for long term episodic memory, recent work has indicated that it also plays a critical role in visual perception and working memory, and that damage or age-related changes to this brain region can disrupt our ability to accurately perceive the visual world around us, particularly when encountering complex scenes such as when driving a car. However, the specific role that the MTL plays in supporting visual perception is just beginning to be fully understood, and there is now a growing debate about when these deficits will be observed, and which underlying brain processes are responsible. Answering these questions will have a transformative effect on our understanding of visual cognition, and advance our knowledge about how various diseases influence the human brain. In addition, they have important translational implications for a variety of populations suffering from damage to different regions within the MTL such as patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, Schizophrenia, depression, and even in healthy aged individuals. The current proposal will address these questions using a unique combination of psychophysical methods, novel eye tracking approaches, studies of patients with focal MTL lesions, and high-resolution brain imaging methods in healthy subjects. Psychophysical methods will be used in ‘same/different’, ‘change-detection’ and ‘flicker’ visual discrimination tasks for scenes and objects in order to separate the processes involved during initial feature sampling and those involved in supporting subsequent change detection, as well as allowing us to track how these processes change as more information is sampled from the environment. The series of studies is designed to directly test the predictions of competing theories, and, when possible, we pit the predictions of these different accounts against one another. We will examine performance in healthy controls and in patients with focal MTL lesions in order to determine whether regions in the MTL such as the hippocampus play a critical role in various perception conditions. Moreover, we will utilize high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the role of hippocampal subfields as well as the broader brain networks involved in perception. Importantly, these methods will be combined with novel analytic approaches to quantifying eye movements to determine how the visual system samples information from the environment (e.g., examining saccadic dispersion, visual resampling, as well as meaning- and salience-sampling), and using novel fixation-related brain imaging methods to identify the neural circuitry that is critical for accurate visual perception.

概括：该提案的总体目标是确定媒体临时叶（MTL）在视觉感知中的作用和工作记忆。尽管已经确定MTL对于长期情节记忆至关重要，最近的工作至关重要已经表明，它在视觉感知和工作记忆中也起着至关重要的作用，并且损害或与年龄有关对这个大脑区域的变化可能会破坏我们准确感知周围视觉世界的能力，尤其是在遇到诸如开车时的复杂场景。但是，MTL在支持方面发挥的具体作用视觉感知才刚刚开始被完全理解，现在就这些缺陷何时有越来越多的辩论将观察到，哪些基本的大脑过程是负责的。回答这些问题将有一个对我们对视觉认知的理解的变革影响，并促进我们对各种疾病的知识影响人脑。此外，它们对各种人群具有重要的翻译意义遭受MTL内不同区域的损害，例如患有阿尔茨海默氏病的患者，精神分裂症，抑郁症，甚至是健康的老年人。当前的建议将使用心理物理方法的独特组合解决这些问题，新颖眼睛跟踪方法，局灶性MTL病变患者的研究以及高分辨率的大脑成像方法健康的受试者。心理物理方法将用于“相同/不同”，“变更检测”和“闪烁”视觉场景和对象的歧视任务，以分开初始功能采样过程中所涉及的过程以及参与支持随后的变更检测的人，并允许我们跟踪这些过程的方式随着更多信息从环境中采样，更改。一系列研究旨在直接测试对竞争理论的预测，并在可能的情况下将这些不同账户的预测与一个人相提并论其他。我们将检查健康对照和局灶性MTL病变患者的性能，以确定 MTL中的区域（例如海马）是否在各种感知条件下起关键作用。而且，我们将利用高分辨率的功能磁共振成像来确定海马子场以及涉及感知的更广泛的大脑网络。重要的是，这些方法将与新的分析结合量化眼动的方法，以确定视觉系统如何示例信息环境（例如，检查囊泡分散，视觉重新采样以及含义和显着性采样），以及使用与固定相关的新型脑成像方法来识别对于准确视觉至关重要的神经电路洞察力。