Language outcomes, mechanisms, and trajectories in adults with and without Developmental Language Disorder

有或没有发展性语言障碍的成年人的语言结果、机制和轨迹

• 批准号: 10409087
• 负责人: Kristi Hendrickson
• 金额: $ 58.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10409087
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Applied Research; Area; Bayesian Analysis; Child; Childhood; Client; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Complex; Comprehension; Data Set; Development; Disease; Evolution; Family; Foundations; Goals; Income; Individual Differences; Intervention; Iowa; Knowledge; Language; Language Development Disorders; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Modality; Modeling; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Occupations; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Process; Production; Protocols documentation; Research; Research Personnel; Service delivery model; Service provision; Short-Term Memory; Speech; Speed; Testing; Time; Unemployment; Variant; Visual; Work; Youth; cohort; density; improved; information processing; kindergarten; language comprehension; language outcome; language processing; lexical; longitudinal dataset; peer; processing speed; recruit; skills; syntax; tenth grade; theories; trait; visual tracking

ABSTRACT Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is characterized by difficulties in the ability to learn and use language and is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (prevalence 7-12%1,2). Though problems emerge in childhood, DLD continues into adulthood3-6 and has profoundly negative effects. Adults with DLD are less likely to seek post-secondary education7-9, may have extended bouts of unemployment9, and have higher rates of depression10. Yet, DLD in adulthood is severely under-researched. An understanding of the language profile is crucial as language abilities in adulthood impact well-being, income, and job performance11. Additionally, there is a clear need to better understand the mechanisms that mediate language abilities in adults with and without DLD. Doing so will help explain theories of DLD12-15 (speed of processing and working memory accounts) and expose a wider range of individual differences in language ability. Examining competition – the activation of competing linguistic representations as speech unfolds – is an ideal approach to exploring these mechanisms. Competition is a fundamental component of language, is well-documented in typical adults16-19, and critically, distinct aspects of competition can be linked to each theoretical account20,21. Our overall objective is to characterize the long-term outcomes of DLD in adulthood (Aim 1) and to identify specific cognitive mechanisms mediating these outcomes (Aim 2). To address our objectives, we utilize a large, pre-existing dataset and participant pool from one of the most comprehensive examinations of DLD to date: the Iowa Longitudinal Study22. We will re-recruit subjects with DLD (n=150) and with typical language (TL; n=250) from this historic cohort, who are now adults (30–34 years old). In Aim 1, we leverage retrospective language measures from kindergarten through 10th grade and collect new outcome measures in adulthood to characterize the long-term outcomes of DLD. We predict that adults with DLD will diverge from adults with TL in language skills that are more complex and higher-level language skills that are important for communication in the workplace11. Further, we predict a fanning effect: some children with DLD will “catch up” to their TL peers in adulthood, some will show evidence of a decline, and others will show stable trajectories. In Aim 2, we measure real-time competition across language modality and level using eye-tracking in the Visual World Paradigm23. According to speed of processing accounts15,20, adults with DLD may be slower than their TL peers to activate competitors and targets. According to working memory accounts21,24, adults with DLD will show sustained competitor activation. Further, we predict that measures related to the dynamics of competition (speed of activation and timing of competitor suppression) will account for variation in language outcomes in adults across the ability spectrum. The proposed work would represent the largest and most comprehensive characterization of language abilities in adults with (and without) DLD to date, inform theories of DLD and general theories of language processing, and provide foundational knowledge toward clinical models of prevention and long-term intervention for adults with DLD.

抽象的 发展语言障碍（DLD）的特征是学习和使用语言的能力困难 并且是最常见的神经发育障碍之一（患病率为7-12％1,2）。尽管出现了问题 在童年时期，DLD继续进入成年3-6，并具有深远的负面影响。 DLD成年人的可能性较小 寻求上学后教育7-9，可能已经扩大了失业的回合，并且比率更高 抑郁症10。然而，成年期的DLD严重研究了。对语言概况的理解是 至关重要的是成年中的语言能力影响福祉，收入和工作绩效11。另外，那里 显然需要更好地了解介导有和没有的成年人语言能力的机制 DLD。这样做将有助于解释DLD12-15的理论（处理速度和工作记忆帐户）和 公开语言能力的个体差异。检查竞争 - 激活 随着语音的展开，竞争语言表达是探索这些机制的理想方法。 竞争是语言的基本组成部分，在典型的成年人中有充分的文献记录，并且批判性地记录了 竞争的不同方面可以与每个理论帐户20,21联系起来。我们的总体目标是 表征成年中DLD的长期结果（AIM 1）并确定特定的认知机制 调解这些结果（AIM 2）。为了满足我们的目标，我们使用了一个大型的预先存在的数据集和 迄今为止，来自DLD最全面考试之一的参与者库：爱荷华州纵向研究22。 我们将从这个历史悠久的队列中重新以DLD（n = 150）和典型的语言（TL; n = 250）重新招募受试者 现在是成年人（30-34岁）。在AIM 1中，我们利用幼儿园的回顾性语言度量 到10年级到成年后的新结果指标，以表征 DLD。我们预测，患有DLD的成年人将与具有TL的成年人不同，语言技能更为复杂 以及对工作场所沟通至关重要的高级语言技能。11。此外，我们预测 狂热效果：一些有DLD的孩子会在成年后“赶上”他们的TL同龄人，有些会显示出证据 下降，其他人将显示稳定的轨迹。在AIM 2中，我们衡量跨语言的实时竞争 在Visual World Paradigm23中使用眼睛跟踪的方式和水平。根据处理速度 账目15,20，患有DLD的成年人可能比TL同行慢，以激活竞争对手和目标。根据 对于工作记忆帐户21,24，患有DLD的成年人将显示持续的竞争者激活。 更远， 我们预测 衡量与竞争动态有关的衡量（激活速度和竞争者抑制时间） 将考虑到能力谱系成人的语言结果的差异。拟议的工作将 代表了（和没有）成年人的语言能力的最大，最全面的表征 迄今为止，DLD，DLD的信息理论和语言处理的一般理论，并提供基础 针对DLD成年人的预防临床模型和长期干预的知识。