Effort-related decision-making in ADHD

ADHD 中与努力相关的决策

• 批准号: 10413455
• 负责人: SUZANNE H MITCHELL
• 金额: $ 17.66万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-15 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10413455
• 关键词: Address; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Award; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological Markers; Cognitive; Computer Models; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Etiology; Eye Movements; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Methodology; Neurobiology; Neuropsychology; Parents; Perception; Process; Psyche structure; Pupil; Research; Rewards; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Youth; cost; discounting; disease classification; distress tolerance; indexing; memory process; novel; outcome prediction; preference; recruit; sustained attention; trait; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY Unchanged from the original funded award by the proposed supplement. ADHD is defined by behavioral symptoms that are not well defined in relation to underlying neurobiology or mechanisms. Using mechanisms to define its nosology and predict outcomes is expected to be more powerful than the current approach, but this hope has only partially been realized. Surprisingly, the parameters influencing willingness to maintain cognitively effortful activities have not been examined systematically. That is, existing data indicate ADHD is associated with differences in reward valuation and processing, which are influenced by delays to reward delivery. However, it is unknown whether ADHD is associated with higher levels of aversion to exerting cognitive [mental] effort, and altered reward x effort interactions. Accordingly, this application aims to address this knowledge gap by examining individuals' preferences between rewards associated with minimal effort and alternatives with higher payoff but higher effort costs (“effort discounting”). Thus, the overall goal of this proposal is to characterize the differences in biases and tradeoffs during effort- related decision-making in ADHD, using an effort discounting methodology, and to identify factors associated with these differences. To accomplish our overall goal, the proposed research will take advantage of a well- defined sample of ADHD-diagnosed and healthy control individuals initially recruited in 2007 (the “parent study”) to address three aims: (1) To examine the subjective perception of effort in youth diagnosed with ADHD and healthy controls using tasks in which they are required to exert varying levels of cognitive effort (sustaining attention, engaging working memory processes), (2) To determine whether ADHD is associated with steeper discounting of larger, more effortful rewards than matched controls in tasks where effort requirements have been matched in subjective effort ratings, and (3) To explore relationships amongst indices of effort discounting, and theoretically-related traits (e.g., grit, distress tolerance), biomarkers of effort-related decision- making (eye movements and pupil size), and cognitive measures assessed in the parent study. Successful completion of the aims would permit us to better characterize ADHD-healthy control differences, and lay a foundation for more computational approaches to ADHD diagnostic criteria.

项目摘要 与拟议的补充剂的原始资助奖没有变化。 多动症是由与潜在神经生物学或 机制。使用机制来定义其典型学和预测结果将更强大 比当前的方法，但是这种希望只能部分实现。令人惊讶的是，参数 没有系统地检查影响维持认知有效活动的意愿。那 是，现有的数据表明多动症与奖励价值和处理的差异有关，这是 受延误的影响以奖励交货。但是，尚不清楚多动症是否与较高的水平相关 厌恶施加认知[心理]努力，并改变了奖励X努力相互作用。据此 应用程序旨在通过研究个人在奖励之间的偏好来解决这一知识差距 与最小的努力和替代方案相关，但收益较高，但努力成本更高（“努力打折”）。 这是该提议的总体目标是表征努力期间偏见和权衡的差异 - 使用ADHD中的相关决策，使用努力折现方法，并确定相关因素 与这些差异。为了实现我们的整体目标，拟议的研究将利用一个很好的 最初于2007年招募的ADHD诊断和健康对照个体的定义样本（父母 研究”）解决三个目标：（1）检查被诊断为多动症的青年的努力的主题感知 和健康的对照，使用他们需要施加不同水平的认知努力的任务（维持 注意，参与工作记忆过程），（2）确定ADHD是否与Steeler相关 在努力要求的任务中，比匹配的控件更大，更努力的奖励折扣 我们在主观的努力等级中匹配，（3）探索努力指标之间的关系 折现和理论上相关的特征（例如，砂砾，遇险容忍度），与努力相关的决策的生物标志物 - 在父母研究中评估（眼睛运动和学生的大小）和认知措施。成功的 目的的完成将使我们能够更好地描述ADHD健康控制差异，并放置一个 用于多动症诊断标准的更多计算方法的基础。

项目成果

Moderate Stability among Delay, Probability, and Effort Discounting in Humans.

• DOI: 10.1007/s40732-023-00537-1
• 发表时间: 2023-02-15
• 期刊: PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Escobar, Gisel G;Morales-Chaine, Silvia;Haynes, Jeremy M;Santoyo, Carlos;Mitchell, Suzanne H
• 通讯作者: Mitchell, Suzanne H