Effort-related decision-making in ADHD

ADHD 中与努力相关的决策

• 批准号: 10413455
• 负责人: SUZANNE H MITCHELL
• 金额: $ 17.66万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-06-15 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10413455
• 关键词: Address; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Award; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological Markers; Cognitive; Computer Models; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Etiology; Eye Movements; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Methodology; Neurobiology; Neuropsychology; Parents; Perception; Process; Psyche structure; Pupil; Research; Rewards; Sampling; Short-Term Memory; Youth; cost; discounting; disease classification; distress tolerance; indexing; memory process; novel; outcome prediction; preference; recruit; sustained attention; trait; willingness

PROJECT SUMMARY Unchanged from the original funded award by the proposed supplement. ADHD is defined by behavioral symptoms that are not well defined in relation to underlying neurobiology or mechanisms. Using mechanisms to define its nosology and predict outcomes is expected to be more powerful than the current approach, but this hope has only partially been realized. Surprisingly, the parameters influencing willingness to maintain cognitively effortful activities have not been examined systematically. That is, existing data indicate ADHD is associated with differences in reward valuation and processing, which are influenced by delays to reward delivery. However, it is unknown whether ADHD is associated with higher levels of aversion to exerting cognitive [mental] effort, and altered reward x effort interactions. Accordingly, this application aims to address this knowledge gap by examining individuals' preferences between rewards associated with minimal effort and alternatives with higher payoff but higher effort costs (“effort discounting”). Thus, the overall goal of this proposal is to characterize the differences in biases and tradeoffs during effort- related decision-making in ADHD, using an effort discounting methodology, and to identify factors associated with these differences. To accomplish our overall goal, the proposed research will take advantage of a well- defined sample of ADHD-diagnosed and healthy control individuals initially recruited in 2007 (the “parent study”) to address three aims: (1) To examine the subjective perception of effort in youth diagnosed with ADHD and healthy controls using tasks in which they are required to exert varying levels of cognitive effort (sustaining attention, engaging working memory processes), (2) To determine whether ADHD is associated with steeper discounting of larger, more effortful rewards than matched controls in tasks where effort requirements have been matched in subjective effort ratings, and (3) To explore relationships amongst indices of effort discounting, and theoretically-related traits (e.g., grit, distress tolerance), biomarkers of effort-related decision- making (eye movements and pupil size), and cognitive measures assessed in the parent study. Successful completion of the aims would permit us to better characterize ADHD-healthy control differences, and lay a foundation for more computational approaches to ADHD diagnostic criteria.

项目概要 提议的补充与原来资助的奖励没有变化。 ADHD 的定义是行为症状，这些症状与基础神经生物学或神经生物学相关的定义尚不明确。 使用机制来定义其疾病分类并预测结果预计将更加强大。 比目前的方法要好，但令人惊讶的是，这个希望只部分实现了。 维持认知努力影响活动的意愿尚未得到系统研究。 是的，现有数据表明多动症与奖励评估和​​处理的差异有关，这些差异是 然而，ADHD 是否与较高水平相关尚不清楚。 对付出认知[精神]努力的厌恶，以及奖励x努力的相互作用。 应用程序旨在通过检查个人对奖励之间的偏好来解决这一知识差距 与最小的努力和具有较高回报但较高努力成本的替代方案相关（“努力折扣”）。 因此，该提案的总体目标是描述努力过程中偏差和权衡的差异 - 使用努力折扣方法来制定 ADHD 的相关决策，并确定相关因素 为了实现我们的总体目标，拟议的研究将利用良好的优势。 2007 年最初招募的 ADHD 诊断和健康对照个体的确定样本（“父母 (1) 检查被诊断患有多动症的青少年对努力的主观感受 和健康的控制使用要求他们发挥不同水平的认知努力的任务（维持 注意力，参与工作记忆过程），（2）确定 ADHD 是否与陡峭度相关 在需要付出努力的任务中，与匹配的控制相比，给予更大、更努力的奖励的折扣 与主观努力评级相匹配，以及（3）探索努力指数之间的关系 折扣和理论上相关的特征（例如毅力、抗压能力）、与努力相关的决策的生物标志物 制作（眼球运动和瞳孔大小），以及在家长研究中评估的认知测量。 完成这些目标将使我们能够更好地描述 ADHD 健康控制差异，并奠定基础 为 ADHD 诊断标准的更多计算方法奠定了基础。

项目成果

Moderate Stability among Delay, Probability, and Effort Discounting in Humans.

• DOI: 10.1007/s40732-023-00537-1
• 发表时间: 2023-02-15
• 期刊: PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Escobar, Gisel G;Morales-Chaine, Silvia;Haynes, Jeremy M;Santoyo, Carlos;Mitchell, Suzanne H
• 通讯作者: Mitchell, Suzanne H