Human Cerebellar Function in Multiple Task Domains

多任务域中的人类小脑功能

• 批准号: 10385723
• 负责人: RICHARD IVRY
• 金额: $ 72.02万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2028-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10385723
• 关键词: Address; Affective; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellum; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Collaborations; Databases; Etiology; Exhibits; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; International; Judgment; Language; Learning; Limb structure; Literature; Maps; Mathematics; Measures; Modeling; Movement; Neurologic; Neuropsychology; Pathology; Patients; Perception; Performance; Population; Positioning Attribute; Published Comment; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Sensory; Site; Spinocerebellar Ataxias; Structure; Testing; Work; behavioral impairment; cognitive function; design; experimental study; hemodynamics; neuroimaging; novel; outreach program; programs; sensory input; social; support network; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this project is to extend our understanding of the cerebellum, and in particular, how this subcortical structure contributes to human cognition. Diverse lines of research provide compelling evidence that the cerebellum is not only involved in sensorimotor control, but also contributes to a range of cognitive functions. For example, the neuroimaging literature has produced maps of the cerebellum that exhibit a stable functional organization, with much of the cerebellar cortex showing hemodynamic changes that cannot be attributed to movement. Moreover, patients with cerebellar disorders exhibit behavioral impairments on tasks assessing cognitive and affective processing. However, our understanding of the functional role of the cerebellum in cognitive domains remains rudimentary: Functional hypotheses have either been largely descriptive or targeted to account for cerebellar function in a relatively narrow, task-specific manner. The research program outlined in this proposal is designed to address this issue, seeking to develop a mechanistic account of cerebellar function. Theoretically, the work will be guided by a novel hypothesis, namely that the cerebellum is essential for processing that requires the continuous transformation of an internal representation, or CoRT(continuous representational transformation). This hypothesis offers a parsimonious account of how the cerebellum supports performance in diverse task domains. In the context of sensorimotor control, CoRT would entail computations required to move a limb from one position to another and to anticipate the sensory consequences of that movement. In other task domains, the continuous transformation of an internal representation may optimize anticipatory behavior; for example, perception frequently involves the internal transformation of the sensory input to account for atypical viewpoints, and social judgments may benefit continuously simulating the intended actions of another individual. The research program will involve the integrated use of behavioral, computational, and neuroimaging studies. One major component of the behavioral work will focus on the performance of individuals with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). This work will involve traditional on-site experiments spanning a broad range of task domains to test the CoRT hypothesis, as well as an ambitious on-line testing program. Through an outreach program facilitated by SCA support networks and collaborations with an international team of researchers, the on-line program should produce a unique database to provide well-powered tests of functional hypotheses, and examine relationships between behavioral performance, etiology, and clinical ratings, and relate these measures with region-specific pathology in the cerebellum. A second major component will build on recent neuroimaging work with healthy young adults that has provided a comprehensive functional map of the human cerebellum though the use of a large battery of tasks. This approach will be used to explore constraints on the organization of the functional map by developing models of cortico-cerebellar connectivity and examining changes over the course of learning. As with the neuropsychological studies, the neuroimaging studies will yield a rich database to evaluate different functional hypotheses, as well as establish norms for comparison with atypical populations. !

项目摘要 该项目的目的是扩展我们对小脑的理解，尤其是该下皮层如何 结构有助于人类认知。各种各样的研究方案提供了令人信服的证据 小脑不仅参与了感觉运动控制，而且还有助于一系列认知功能。 例如，神经影像学文献产生了表现出稳定功能的小脑图 组织，大部分小脑皮层表现出血液动力学变化，这不能归因于 移动。此外，小脑疾病的患者在评估任务上表现出行为障碍 认知和情感处理。但是，我们对小脑功能作用的理解 认知领域仍然是基本的：功能假设在很大程度上是描述性的或有针对性的 以相对狭窄的特定于任务的方式考虑小脑功能。概述的研究计划 该建议旨在解决这个问题，试图开发小脑的机理说明 功能。从理论上讲，这项工作将以新的假设为指导，即小脑是必不可少的 用于处理需要连续转换内部表示或cort的处理（连续 代表性转换）。该假设提供了小脑的简约说明 支持各种任务域中的性能。在感觉运动控制的背景下，Cort需要 将四肢从一个位置移到另一个位置并预测感觉需要的计算 该运动的后果。在其他任务域中，内部的连续转换 表示可能优化预期行为；例如，感知经常涉及内部 感官输入转换以说明非典型观点和社会判断可能会受益 不断模拟另一个人的预期行动。研究计划将涉及 行为，计算和神经影像学研究的综合使用。一个主要组成部分 行为工作将集中于脊椎动物共济失调（SCA）的个体的表现。这项工作将 涉及传统的现场实验，这些实验涵盖广泛的任务域以检验Cort假设，如 以及雄心勃勃的在线测试计划。通过SCA支持促进的外展计划 与国际研究人员团队的网络和合作，在线计划应产生 独特的数据库，可提供功能假设的能力测试，并检查 行为表现，病因和临床评级，并将这些措施与特定区域的病理联系起来 在小脑中。第二个主要组成部分将基于与健康的年轻人最近的神经影像学工作 尽管使用了大电池，但它提供了人类小脑的全面功能图 任务。该方法将通过 开发了Cortico-Cerebellar连接性的模型，并在学习过程中检查了变化。作为 通过神经心理学研究，神经影像学研究将产生丰富的数据库，以评估不同的数据库 功能假设，并建立与非典型人群进行比较的规范。 呢