Access to parietal action representations after stroke lesions in visual cortex

视觉皮层中风损伤后访问顶叶动作表征

• 批准号: 10381543
• 负责人: BRADFORD Zack MAHON
• 金额: $ 41.03万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10381543
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alexia; Anatomy; Area; Ballistics; Behavioral Assay; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Bypass; Cognitive; Data; Dorsal; Eating; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grain; Imaging Device; Impairment; Investigation; Ischemic Stroke; Knowledge; Left; Lesion; Literature; Location; Machine Learning; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Neural Pathways; Neuropsychology; Occipital lobe; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patients; Population; Process; Property; Prosopagnosia; Reading; Research; Research Activity; Robotics; Role; Semantics; Sensory; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; Work; area striata; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; blind; cognitive development; evidence base; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; fovea centralis; grasp; information processing; innovation; lens; multisensory; neuroprosthesis; post stroke; programs; relating to nervous system; sensory integration; theories; tool; visual information; visual motor; visual object processing; visual process; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY The ability to recognize and use objects according to their function (e.g., fork, hammer, pencil) requires integration of visual, semantic and action knowledge across occipital, temporal and parietal areas. Left parietal regions support critical aspects of object-directed action, such as grasping and object manipulation. This research activity uses a combination of fMRI and behavioral measures in patients with ischemic strokes to early and extrastriate visual areas to test the following hypotheses: Aim 1: There is a visual pathway to the parietal grasp region (aIPS) that bypasses processing in primary visual cortex. Aim 2: Left ventral extrastriate cortex is necessary to access manipulation information for visually presented objects. Aim 3A: Ballistic grasping actions to objects in the hemianopic field are influenced by volumetric properties (size, orientation) of targets. Aim 3B: Left ventral extrastriate lesions impair object function (e.g., `scissors used to cut') and disrupt access to manipulation knowledge from visual input. The research leverages strengths of fMRI (whole brain correlational measure) and neuropsychology (causal inference) to test new hypotheses about vision and action. `Tools' (i.e., small manipulable objects) are an excellent domain in which to address broader questions about the integration of sensory, motor and cognitive processing. This is because tool recognition and tool use require the integration of distinct sensory, motor and cognitive representations, and the neural substrates of tool processing are well described. The research program emphasizes fresh perspectives on longstanding ideas about the dorsal and ventral visual pathways, by a) undertaking the first systematic investigation of the types of information about objects that are extracted by visual pathways that bypass primary visual cortex, and by b) studying how some parietal areas depend on inputs from the ventral stream in order to access the correct action for a given object. The research activity innovates by testing hypotheses about how lesions at different stages in the cortical visual hierarchy affect downstream processing in parietal cortex, combining neural and behavioral measures to study brain damaged patients (generating causal evidence), and by combining univariate and multivariate measures to `read out' the information content of brain regions (parietal cortex) that are anatomically remote from a lesion. The research advances understanding of how lesions in one brain region disrupt computations in other parts of the brain that depend on the damaged region for their inputs, a phenomenon (`dynamic diaschisis') that applies to brain injury generally. Advancing understanding of these basic issues using causal data has broad implications for understanding how the brain selects the correct action for the correct object, and more generally for theories of conceptual organization and causal reasoning. Understanding how the brain accesses actions from visual input has implications for related fields, such as robotics, neuroprosthetics, and evidenced based approaches for rehabilitating function after brain injury.

项目摘要 根据其功能识别和使用对象的能力（例如，叉子，锤子，铅笔）需要 跨枕，颞和顶区域的视觉，语义和动作知识的整合。左顶 区域支持对象指导动作的关键方面，例如抓握和对象操纵。这 研究活动结合了fMRI和行为度量的组合，患有缺血性中风的患者 早期和外部视觉区域以检验以下假设：目标1：有视觉途径 顶叶区域（AIP）绕过一级视觉皮层中的加工。目标2：左侧腹侧室外部 对于访问视觉呈现的对象的操作信息是必要的。目标3a：弹道 对止血场中的物体抓住动作受体积特性（大小，方向）的影响 目标。 AIM 3B：左侧腹侧室外病变会损害对象功能（例如，“剪裁用于切割”）并破坏 从视觉输入中获取操纵知识。该研究利用了fMRI的优势（整个大脑 相关度量）和神经心理学（因果推断），以检验有关视力和行动的新假设。 `工具'（即小型可操作对象）是一个很好的领域，可以解决更广泛的问题 关于感觉，运动和认知处理的整合。这是因为工具识别和工具使用 需要整合不同的感觉，运动和认知表征，以及 工具处理得到很好的描述。该研究计划强调了长期思想的新观点 关于背侧和腹侧视觉途径，通过a）对类型进行首次系统调查 关于绕过主视觉皮层的视觉途径提取的有关对象的信息，b） 研究某些顶部区域如何取决于腹侧流的输入，以便访问正确的动作 对于给定的对象。研究活动通过测试有关不同阶段病变的假设来创新 在皮质视觉层次结构中，会影响顶叶皮质的下游加工，结合神经和 研究大脑受损的患者（产生因果证据）的行为措施，并结合 单变量和多元措施，以“读出”大脑区域的信息内容（顶皮层） 在解剖学上远离病变。该研究对了解一个大脑的病变的理解提高了 区域破坏大脑其他部位的计算，这些计算依赖于其输入的损坏区域 通常适用于脑损伤的现象（“动态性腹膜））。推进对这些的理解 使用因果数据的基本问题对了解大脑如何选择正确的动作具有广泛的影响 对于正确的对象，更普遍地用于概念组织和因果推理的理论。 了解大脑如何从视觉输入中访问动作对相关领域的影响，例如 机器人技术，神经假想以及基于证据的脑损伤后修复功能的方法。

项目成果

Adjudicating conflict in speech production-Do we need a central selection mechanism?

裁决言语产生中的冲突——我们需要一个中央选择机制吗？

• DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1608171
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Cognitive neuropsychology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Mahon,BradfordZ;Navarrete,Eduardo
• 通讯作者: Navarrete,Eduardo

Action at a distance on object-related ventral temporal representations.

对与物体相关的腹侧时间表征的远距离动作。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.018
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
• 作者: Lee,Dongha;Mahon,BradfordZ;Almeida,Jorge
• 通讯作者: Almeida,Jorge

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping.

罗彻斯特大学医学中心的转化脑图谱：通过个性化脑图谱保护心灵。

• DOI: 10.3791/59592
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
• 作者: Mahon,BradfordZ;Mead,JeffreyA;Chernoff,BenjaminL;Sims,MaxwellH;Garcea,FrankE;Prentiss,Emily;Belkhir,Raouf;Haber,SamJ;Gannon,SarahB;Erickson,Steve;Wright,KellyA;Schmidt,MichaelZ;Paulzak,Audrey;Milano,VanessaC;Paul,Dav
• 通讯作者: Paul,Dav