Access to parietal action representations after stroke lesions in visual cortex

视觉皮层中风损伤后访问顶叶动作表征

• 批准号: 10381543
• 负责人: BRADFORD Zack MAHON
• 金额: $ 41.03万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-03-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10381543
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alexia; Anatomy; Area; Ballistics; Behavioral Assay; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Bypass; Cognitive; Data; Dorsal; Eating; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grain; Imaging Device; Impairment; Investigation; Ischemic Stroke; Knowledge; Left; Lesion; Literature; Location; Machine Learning; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Neural Pathways; Neuropsychology; Occipital lobe; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patients; Population; Process; Property; Prosopagnosia; Reading; Research; Research Activity; Robotics; Role; Semantics; Sensory; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure of supramarginal gyrus; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Visual Pathways; Visual system structure; Work; area striata; base; behavior measurement; behavior test; blind; cognitive development; evidence base; extrastriate; extrastriate visual cortex; fovea centralis; grasp; information processing; innovation; lens; multisensory; neuroprosthesis; post stroke; programs; relating to nervous system; sensory integration; theories; tool; visual information; visual motor; visual object processing; visual process; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY The ability to recognize and use objects according to their function (e.g., fork, hammer, pencil) requires integration of visual, semantic and action knowledge across occipital, temporal and parietal areas. Left parietal regions support critical aspects of object-directed action, such as grasping and object manipulation. This research activity uses a combination of fMRI and behavioral measures in patients with ischemic strokes to early and extrastriate visual areas to test the following hypotheses: Aim 1: There is a visual pathway to the parietal grasp region (aIPS) that bypasses processing in primary visual cortex. Aim 2: Left ventral extrastriate cortex is necessary to access manipulation information for visually presented objects. Aim 3A: Ballistic grasping actions to objects in the hemianopic field are influenced by volumetric properties (size, orientation) of targets. Aim 3B: Left ventral extrastriate lesions impair object function (e.g., `scissors used to cut') and disrupt access to manipulation knowledge from visual input. The research leverages strengths of fMRI (whole brain correlational measure) and neuropsychology (causal inference) to test new hypotheses about vision and action. `Tools' (i.e., small manipulable objects) are an excellent domain in which to address broader questions about the integration of sensory, motor and cognitive processing. This is because tool recognition and tool use require the integration of distinct sensory, motor and cognitive representations, and the neural substrates of tool processing are well described. The research program emphasizes fresh perspectives on longstanding ideas about the dorsal and ventral visual pathways, by a) undertaking the first systematic investigation of the types of information about objects that are extracted by visual pathways that bypass primary visual cortex, and by b) studying how some parietal areas depend on inputs from the ventral stream in order to access the correct action for a given object. The research activity innovates by testing hypotheses about how lesions at different stages in the cortical visual hierarchy affect downstream processing in parietal cortex, combining neural and behavioral measures to study brain damaged patients (generating causal evidence), and by combining univariate and multivariate measures to `read out' the information content of brain regions (parietal cortex) that are anatomically remote from a lesion. The research advances understanding of how lesions in one brain region disrupt computations in other parts of the brain that depend on the damaged region for their inputs, a phenomenon (`dynamic diaschisis') that applies to brain injury generally. Advancing understanding of these basic issues using causal data has broad implications for understanding how the brain selects the correct action for the correct object, and more generally for theories of conceptual organization and causal reasoning. Understanding how the brain accesses actions from visual input has implications for related fields, such as robotics, neuroprosthetics, and evidenced based approaches for rehabilitating function after brain injury.

项目概要 根据其功能（例如叉子、锤子、铅笔）识别和使用物体的能力需要 枕叶、颞叶和顶叶区域的视觉、语义和动作知识的整合。左顶叶 区域支持面向对象的行动的关键方面，例如抓取和对象操纵。这 研究活动结合功能磁共振成像和行为测量来治疗缺血性中风患者 早期和纹状体视觉区域来测试以下假设： 目标 1：存在通向早期和纹状体视觉区域的视觉通路 顶叶掌握区域（aIPS）绕过初级视觉皮层的处理。目标 2：左腹外纹 皮层对于访问视觉呈现的物体的操作信息是必要的。目标 3A：弹道 对偏视视野中物体的抓取动作受到物体的体积特性（大小、方向）的影响 目标。目标 3B：左腹侧纹状体损伤损害物体功能（例如“用于切割的剪刀”）并扰乱 从视觉输入获取操作知识。该研究利用了功能磁共振成像（全脑 相关测量）和神经心理学（因果推理）来测试有关视觉和行动的新假设。 “工具”（即小型可操作物体）是解决更广泛问题的绝佳领域 关于感觉、运动和认知处理的整合。这是因为工具识别和工具使用 需要整合不同的感觉、运动和认知表征，以及神经基础 工具加工有很好的描述。该研究计划强调对长期想法的新观点 关于背侧和腹侧视觉通路，通过 a) 对类型进行首次系统调查 绕过初级视觉皮层的视觉通路提取的有关物体的信息，以及 b) 研究一些顶叶区域如何依赖腹侧流的输入来采取正确的行动 对于给定的对象。该研究活动通过测试不同阶段病变如何发生的假设来进行创新 皮层视觉层次结构影响顶叶皮层的下游处理，结合神经和 研究脑损伤患者的行为措施（产生因果证据），并结合 “读出”大脑区域（顶叶皮层）信息内容的单变量和多变量测量 解剖学上远离病变的区域。这项研究增进了对大脑损伤如何发生的理解 区域扰乱大脑其他部分的计算，这些部分依赖于受损区域的输入， 通常适用于脑损伤的现象（“动态神经联系联系不全”）。增进对这些的理解 使用因果数据的基本问题对于理解大脑如何选择正确的行动具有广泛的影响 为了正确的对象，更一般地说，为了概念组织和因果推理的理论。 了解大脑如何从视觉输入中获取动作对相关领域具有影响，例如 机器人技术、神经假体和脑损伤后功能康复的循证方法。

项目成果

Adjudicating conflict in speech production-Do we need a central selection mechanism?

裁决言语产生中的冲突——我们需要一个中央选择机制吗？

• DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2019.1608171
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Cognitive neuropsychology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Mahon,BradfordZ;Navarrete,Eduardo
• 通讯作者: Navarrete,Eduardo

Action at a distance on object-related ventral temporal representations.

对与物体相关的腹侧时间表征的远距离动作。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.018
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior
• 作者: Lee,Dongha;Mahon,BradfordZ;Almeida,Jorge
• 通讯作者: Almeida,Jorge

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping.

罗彻斯特大学医学中心的转化脑图谱：通过个性化脑图谱保护心灵。

• DOI: 10.3791/59592
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE
• 作者: Mahon,BradfordZ;Mead,JeffreyA;Chernoff,BenjaminL;Sims,MaxwellH;Garcea,FrankE;Prentiss,Emily;Belkhir,Raouf;Haber,SamJ;Gannon,SarahB;Erickson,Steve;Wright,KellyA;Schmidt,MichaelZ;Paulzak,Audrey;Milano,VanessaC;Paul,Dav
• 通讯作者: Paul,Dav