Individual Differences in Color Vision Assessed with Chromatic Textures

用彩色纹理评估色觉的个体差异

• 批准号: 10370147
• 负责人: Jonathan Henry Venezia
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA LOMA LINDA HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10370147
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Brain; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Color Visions; Complex; Data; Detection; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Dimensions; Discrimination; Disease; Elements; Environment; Factor Analysis; Failure; Functional disorder; Goals; Grouping; Hearing problem; Individual; Individual Differences; Lead; Life; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Military Personnel; Modeling; Motion; Nervous System Trauma; Optic Neuritis; Optics; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Population; Property; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Retina; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Texture; Time; Trauma; United States; Variant; Veterans; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Pathways; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Work; age group; base; color processing; design; diagnostic value; experience; individual variation; luminance; mathematical model; mild traumatic brain injury; multisensory; novel; post 9/11; receptor; segregation; sensory mechanism; visual processing; Achievement; Address; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Attention; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Blindness; Brain; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Color; Color Visions; Complex; Data; Detection; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic tests; Dimensions; Discrimination; Disease; Elements; Environment; Factor Analysis; Failure; Functional disorder; Goals; Grouping; Hearing problem; Individual; Individual Differences; Lead; Life; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Military Personnel; Modeling; Motion; Nervous System Trauma; Optic Neuritis; Optics; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Population; Property; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Retina; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Statistical Models; Stimulus; Structure; Surveys; Testing; Texture; Time; Trauma; United States; Variant; Veterans; Vision; Vision Disorders; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual Pathways; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Work; age group; base; color processing; design; diagnostic value; experience; individual variation; luminance; mathematical model; mild traumatic brain injury; multisensory; novel; post 9/11; receptor; segregation; sensory mechanism; visual processing

Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often report visual problems despite normal or near-normal performance on clinical tests of afferent vision. Strikingly, a similar pattern is observed in the auditory domain, which suggests two potentially overlapping explanations for the (multi-)sensory deficits in mTBI: (a) damage to the ascending sensory pathways produces subtle deficits that may not be detectable on standard clinical tests; and (b) changes at more central levels of sensory processing or in cognitive, affective, or associative brain networks lead to deficits in processing complex sensory environments. Therefore, an ideal measure of sensory capacity in mTBI should account for changes at these different levels of processing. Returning to the domain of vision, recent research suggests that color vision is highly sensitive to acquired disorders or trauma affecting the early visual pathway. At the same time, color plays a significant role in higher visual functions such as object segregation and visual attention. These properties make color vision an ideal candidate for assessment of visual function in mTBI. However, current tests of color vision focus on detection of (primarily congenital) losses originating at the retinal color receptors. The proposed study begins to develop a new test of color vision designed to capture changes at low (e.g., retinal) and high (e.g., cortical) levels of visual processing. The test relies on discrimination of chromatic textures whose individual elements are assigned an equiluminant shade along a continuum from pure green to pure red. The distribution of colors follows a statistical pattern such that discrimination among two textures with opposing patterns relies on the visual system’s ability to extract those patterns. Different types of patterns are used to probe different aspects of color processing. Pattern extraction is assumed to rely on a limited number of mechanisms sensitive to different shades of red and/or green and a ‘mixing module’ that allows the mechanisms to be combined in different ways to encode different patterns. A mathematical model of texture discrimination performance is used to enumerate, for a group of observers: (a) the number and structure of the low-level mechanisms; (b) each observer’s sensitivity to those mechanisms; and (c) each observer’s unique mixing proportions. Performance across different chromatic texture patterns is taken to reflect a given observer’s unique profile of red-green vision. This proposal aims to validate this paradigm in groups of younger (25-34 yrs.) and older (55-64 yrs.) Veterans with normal color vision, given that low-level color sensitivity is known to decrease by ~10% per decade of life with considerable individual differences in high-level color processing within and between age groups. The first specific aim is to determine whether chromatic texture discrimination captures aspects of color processing beyond those captured by well-established chromatic sensitivity measurements. Red-green chromatic sensitivity thresholds from the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test will be entered with chromatic texture discrimination thresholds in a factor analytic model, where the hypothesis is that chromatic texture discrimination thresholds will load on a different factor than CAD thresholds. A novel ‘suprathreshold’ measure of chromatic sensitivity based on color-defined coherent motion will be included to capture variation in chromatic sensitivity at higher levels of processing. The second specific aim will apply the aforementioned mathematical model of chromatic texture discrimination to characterize individual differences in bottom-up (mechanism sensitivity) and top-down (mechanism mixing) color processing. Achievement of these aims will allow deployment of color vision tests – texture-based or otherwise – to characterize the visual deficits in mTBI by providing a baseline for normal variation in color vision at multiple ages and levels of processing. Notably, the red-green texture discrimination paradigm can be easily extended to yellow-blue and grayscale vision. The long-term goal for this line of work is to combine texture-based and other tests of complex visual function with related tests of complex auditory function to determine the extent to which multisensory deficits at different levels of processing contribute to the functional deficits observed in mTBI.

轻度创伤性脑损伤（MTBI）的退伍军人经常报告目的地的视觉问题正常或接近正常 传入视力的临床测试的表现。令人惊讶的是，在听觉域中观察到类似的模式， 这暗示了（多）感觉的两个可能重叠的解释，在mtbi中定义：（a）损坏对 上升的感觉途径会产生细微的缺陷，在标准临床测试中可能无法检测到这些缺陷。 （b）在更中心的感觉处理或认知，情感或联想大脑上的变化 网络导致在处理复杂的感觉环境中定义。因此，感觉的理想测量 MTBI的能力应考虑到这些不同级别处理水平的变化。返回到域 视觉，最近的研究表明，色觉对影响的疾病或创伤高度敏感 早期的视觉途径。同时，颜色在较高的视觉功能（例如对象）中起着重要作用 隔离和视觉关注。这些特性使色觉成为评估视觉的理想候选者 MTBI的功能。但是，当前对色觉的测试集中于检测（主要是先天性）损失 起源于视网膜颜色受体。拟议的研究开始开发新的色彩测试 旨在捕获低（例如视网膜）和高（例如皮质）视觉处理水平的变化。测试 依赖于分配各个元素的色纹理的歧视 沿着从纯绿色到纯红色的连续。颜色的分布遵循统计模式，以便 具有相反模式的两种纹理之间的歧视依赖于视觉系统提取这些纹理的能力 模式。不同类型的模式用于探测颜色处理的不同方面。模式提取是 假定依靠有限数量的机制对不同的红色和/或绿色以及a “混合模块”允许以不同的方式组合这些机制来编码不同的模式。一个 对于一组观察者，使用纹理歧视性能的数学模型来枚举：（a） 低级机制的数量和结构； （b）每个观察者对这些机制的敏感性；和 （c）每个观察者的独特混合比例。跨不同色纹理图案的性能 反映了给定的观察者对红绿色视野的独特形象。该建议旨在验证此范式 鉴于低级颜色 已知敏感性每十年的生命降低约10％，并且考虑到高级的个体差异 年龄组之间和之间的颜色处理。第一个具体目的是确定是否色彩 纹理歧视捕获了颜色处理的各个方面，而不是由良好的色彩捕获的颜色处理 灵敏度测量。来自颜色评估和诊断的红绿色色素灵敏度阈值 （CAD）将在一个因子分析模型中使用色纹理歧视阈值输入测试，其中 假设是色纹理歧视阈值将以与CAD阈值不同的因素加载。 基于颜色定义的连贯运动的新颖的“远景”量度将 包括以捕获更高级别的加工水平的色素敏感性变化。第二个特定目标 将应用色纹理歧视的理由数学模型来表征个体 自下而上的差异（机制灵敏度）和自上而下的（机理混合）颜色处理。 这些目标的实现将使基于纹理或以其他方式的彩色视觉测试部署 通过提供多个彩色视觉变化的基线来表征MTBI中的视觉缺陷 年龄和处理水平。值得注意的是，红绿色纹理歧视范式可以很容易地扩展到 黄蓝色和灰度视觉。这项工作的长期目标是结合基于纹理的和其他 复杂的视觉功能的测试以及复杂听觉功能的相关测试，以确定 多感官在不同级别的处理水平上定义有助于MTBI中观察到的功能定义。