Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Adolescent Cortisol Reactivity and Mental Health

邻里劣势对青少年皮质醇反应和心理健康的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10315842
负责人：
Mallory Leigh Garnett
金额：
$ 4.6万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10315842
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Adolescent Development Adverse event Age Anxiety Disorders Biological Assay Censuses Child Child Behavior Checklist Child Development Clinical Code Communities Conduct Disorder Coupled Crime Dangerousness Delaware Development Disadvantaged Disease Environmental Risk Factor Equipment and supply inventories Exhibits Exposure to Funding Hydrocortisone Link Measures Mediating Mediation Mediator of activation protein Mental Depression Mental Health Mentorship Methods National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neighborhoods Neurobiology Outcome Parents Physiological Processes Poverty Preparation Prevention Problem behavior Process Protocols documentation Psychopathology Public Policy Regression Analysis Regulation Reporting Research Research Priority Resources Risk Risk Factors Sampling Scientist Stress Symptoms Training Trier Social Stress Test United States United States National Institutes of Health Universities Violence Youth acute stress boys career girls high risk improved neighborhood disadvantage novel peer prevent professor psychosocial adjustment research and development research study response saliva sample sex social social observations statistics stress reactivity teenage parents theories therapy development urban area

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Millions of children in the United States are living in high-poverty neighborhoods, where they are at risk for exposure to higher rates of crime, violence and neighborhood-level disorder than peers living in more affluent neighborhoods (Friedson & Sharkey, 2015). These disadvantageous neighborhood conditions predict depression, anxiety and conduct disorder in adolescents (Aneshensel & Sucoff, 1996), but it is unclear exactly how neighborhood disadvantage confers risk for these mental health outcomes. Cortisol reactivity to acute stress is a candidate mechanism, given that cortisol reactivity is thought to be a link between adverse experiences and psychopathology (Koss & Gunnar, 2018). However, little is known about the degree to which neighborhood disadvantage influences adolescent cortisol reactivity. The proposed study has 3 aims: 1) examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cortisol reactivity; 2) identify potential moderators of this association; and 3) investigate cortisol reactivity as a mediator of the association between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent mental health. At age 13, neighborhood-level disadvantage (i.e., dangerousness, physical decay and disorder) will be coded using a novel social observation protocol, the Systematic Social Observation Inventory-Tallying Observations in Urban Regions (SSO i-Tour). Adolescents will also complete the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C), a social-evaluative task that reliably evokes a cortisol response (Buske-Kirschbaum et al., 1997). Saliva samples will be collected during the TSST- C and assayed for cortisol concentration. Adolescents will also report on the quality of their relationship with their parent using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R, Gullone & Robinson, 2005). At age 14, parents will report on adolescent mental health symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Multivariate regression analysis will be used to examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cortisol reactivity, as well as explore moderators (i.e., adolescent sex and relationship quality) of this association. Last, mediation analysis will be employed to examine whether cortisol reactivity mediates the association between neighborhood disadvantage and mental health symptoms. This study aligns with NICHD research priorities due to the examination environmental factors that impact youth stress reactivity and psychosocial adjustment in high-risk contexts. Findings stand to inform the development of interventions to prevent and ameliorate the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on youth mental health by identifying factors that can serve as novel treatment targets. In conjunction with the proposed training plan, this project will provide the applicant with mentorship and training from experts in the fields of neighborhood research, statistics, adolescent development and cortisol regulation. This mentorship, coupled with resources provided by the University of Delaware and the primary sponsor, Dr. Mary Dozier, will prepare the applicant for a career as a clinical scientist studying the effects of adversity on child development.

项目概要/摘要美国数以百万计的儿童生活在高度贫困的社区，他们面临着贫困的风险与生活在富裕地区的同龄人相比，犯罪、暴力和社区混乱的发生率更高社区（Friedson & Sharkey，2015）。这些不利的邻里条件预示着青少年的抑郁、焦虑和品行障碍（Aneshensel & Sucoff，1996），但具体情况尚不清楚邻里劣势如何给这些心理健康结果带来风险。皮质醇对急性反应的反应鉴于皮质醇反应性被认为是不良反应之间的联系，压力是一种候选机制。经验和精神病理学（Koss & Gunnar，2018）。然而，人们对于其影响程度知之甚少。邻里劣势影响青少年皮质醇反应。拟议的研究有 3 个目标：1) 检查邻里劣势与皮质醇反应性之间的关联； 2）识别潜力该协会的主持人； 3）研究皮质醇反应性作为两者之间关联的中介邻里劣势与青少年心理健康。 13 岁时，社区层面的劣势（即危险性、身体衰退和紊乱）将使用一种新颖的社会观察协议进行编码，即城市地区系统社会观察清单统计观察（SSO i-Tour）。青少年还将完成特里尔儿童社会压力测试（TSST-C），这是一项可靠的社会评估任务引起皮质醇反应（Buske-Kirschbaum 等，1997）。唾液样本将在 TSST 期间采集 C并测定皮质醇浓度。青少年还将报告他们与他人的关系质量他们的父母使用父母和同伴依恋清单-修订版（IPPA-R，Gullone＆Robinson，2005）。 14 岁时，父母将使用儿童行为检查表报告青少年心理健康症状（CBCL；Achenbach 和 Rescorla，2001）。将使用多元回归分析来检查关联性邻里劣势和皮质醇反应性之间的关系，并探索调节因素（即青少年性行为）该协会的关系质量）。最后，将采用中介分析来检验是否皮质醇反应性介导邻里劣势与心理健康症状之间的关联。由于检查影响环境因素，本研究与 NICHD 的研究重点一致。青少年在高风险环境中的压力反应和心理社会调整。调查结果旨在告知制定干预措施以预防和改善邻里劣势对青年的影响通过识别可作为新治疗目标的因素来实现心理健康。结合拟议的培训计划，该项目将为申请人提供以下领域专家的指导和培训邻里研究、统计、青少年发展和皮质醇调节。这种指导，加上在特拉华大学和主要赞助商 Mary Dozier 博士提供的资源下，将准备申请临床科学家职业，研究逆境对儿童发展的影响。