Neural mechanisms of active avoidance behavior

主动回避行为的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
10307216
负责人：
Manuel A Castro-Alamancos
金额：
$ 55.54万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-12-01 至 2022-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10307216
关键词：
Air Amygdaloid structure Animals Anxiety Disorders Area Aversive Stimulus Avoidance Learning Basal Ganglia Behavior Behavioral Brain Cell Nucleus Cells Conditioned Reflex Conditioned Stimulus Corpus striatum structure Cre-LoxP Electrophysiology (science)Emotional Emotions Etiology Event Freezing Fright Ganglia Glutamates Goals Heart Rate Histologic In Vitro Learning Lesion Link Measures Mediating Mental disorders Methods Midbrain structure Modality Modeling Mouse Strains Mus Neurons Outcome Output Pathological anxiety Pathway interactions Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Performance Pharmacology Phobias Procedures Ramp Research Research Project Grants Resolution Role Sensory Signal Transduction Slice Stimulus Structure Substantia nigra structure Testing Thalamic structure Transportation Work active control avoidance behavior base behavioral response clinically relevant conditioned fear conditioning coping in vivo learned behavior millisecond neural circuit neural model neuromechanism neuronal circuitry optogenetics predictive modeling relating to nervous system response sensory signal detection sensory stimulus social anxiety social situation superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina theories tool

项目摘要

Summary Enormous progress has been made about the neural substrates of Pavlovian fear conditioning. In this paradigm, the association between an initially neutral sensory stimulus with an aversive event (footshock) leads to the transformation of the neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits fear responses in the form of immobility, potentiated startle, changes in heart rate, etc, which were not evoked by the neutral sensory stimulus. Ample evidence indicates that the CS must be transmitted through the modality-specific sensory thalamus to reach emotional processing centers in the amygdala, where the association with the aversive stimulus occurs and an output drives the conditioned responses. In contrast, little is known about the neural circuits involved in active avoidance behavior. In this paradigm, subjects learn to avoid an aversive event by producing an appropriate behavioral response (avoidance) during an interval signaled by the presentation of a CS. Understanding active avoidance behavior is important because it is present in most forms of pathological anxiety. Using optogenetics and chemogenetics, we recently found that the output of the basal ganglia through GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) fully controls active avoidance. SNr excitation blocks active avoidance without interfering with the ability to escape the harmful event, while SNr inhibition facilitates avoidance or can drive it in the absence of an external CS. With this work as a backdrop, we have developed a hypothetical model of the neural circuits involved in the performance (expression) of active avoidance behavior. Here we propose to test key aspects of this model. Our hypothesis is that SNr mediates active avoidance behavior though its projections to specific portions of the midbrain that drive the locomotor responses needed to avoid. Moreover, specific regions of the striatum control SNr activity during avoidance via striatonigral connections. We will employ a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological, optogenetics, chemogenetics, pharmacological and histological procedures to test these ideas. The long term objective of this research project is to reveal the neural substrates of active avoidance behavior, which has direct relevance to many psychiatric disorders.

概括关于巴甫洛夫恐惧调节的神经基础已经取得了巨大进展。在这个范式，最初中性的感官刺激与厌恶事件（足部电击）之间的关联导致中性刺激转变为条件刺激（CS），从而引发恐惧反应不动的形式、增强的惊吓、心率的变化等，这些都不是由中性引起的感官刺激。充足的证据表明 CS 必须通过特定模式传输感觉丘脑到达杏仁核的情绪处理中心，在那里与厌恶刺激发生，输出驱动条件反应。相比之下，人们对它知之甚少参与主动回避行为的神经回路。在这种范式中，受试者学会避免令人厌恶的事情通过在由 CS 的演示。了解主动回避行为很重要，因为它存在于大多数人中病理性焦虑的形式。利用光遗传学和化学遗传学，我们最近发现基底神经节通过黑质网状部 (SNr) 中的 GABA 能神经元完全控制活性回避。 SNr 激励会阻止主动回避，但不会干扰逃避有害物质的能力事件，而 SNr 抑制有助于避免或可以在没有外部 CS 的情况下驱动它。凭借这部作品作为背景，我们开发了一个涉及表演的神经回路的假设模型（表达）主动回避行为。在这里，我们建议测试该模型的关键方面。我们的假设 SNr 通过其对中脑特定部分的投射来介导主动回避行为驱动需要避免的运动反应。此外，纹状体的特定区域控制 SNr 活性在通过纹状体黑质连接进行回避时。我们将结合行为、电生理学、光遗传学、化学遗传学、药理学和组织学程序来测试这些想法。该研究项目的长期目标是揭示主动回避的神经基础行为，与许多精神疾病有直接关系。