Characterizing Brain Activation and Postural Response During Concurrent Cognitive Tasks in the Presence of Optic Flow Stimulation: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

在存在光流刺激的情况下，表征并发认知任务期间的大脑激活和姿势反应：一项功能性近红外光谱研究

• 批准号: 10303316
• 负责人: Brian Sylcott
• 金额: $ 18.88万
• 依托单位: EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10303316
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Analysis of Variance; Area; Attention; Auditory; Bilateral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Complex; Contracts; Data; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Equilibrium; Freedom; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gait; Gender; Human; Illusions; Individual; Inferior; Life; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Motion; Movement; Musculoskeletal Equilibrium; Near-Infrared Spectroscopy; Parietal Lobe; Physiological; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postural response; Posture; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reaction Time; Research; Research Personnel; Resource Allocation; Resources; Speed; Stimulus; Study Subject; Superior temporal gyrus; Technology; Vision; Visit; Visual; age effect; aged; aging brain; aging population; base; cognitive task; design; fall risk; falls; head mounted display; interest; multisensory; neuroimaging; novel; optic flow; particle; recruit; relating to nervous system; sensory input; sensory integration; sensory mechanism; somatosensory; virtual reality; virtual reality environment; virtual reality system; visual information; visual stimulus; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Human postural control involves multiple sensory integrations from visual, somatosensory, and vestibular inputs. Due to a decline in somatosensation and vestibular function that occurs with aging, vision becomes the dominant sensory input used to maintain balance in elderly adults. Studies have used optic flow (OF) to examine the effect of visual input on postural control. While optic flow stimulus can be presented through traditional PC monitor setups, the advent of consumer grade virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays has provided new options. An immersive VR environment is advantageous because it can provide OF stimulus to induce a self-motion illusion that provokes postural responses while also isolating the subject from outside stimuli. In addition to visual information, attention is critical for older individuals to maintain good balance. Studies have used dual-task paradigms, such as performing a concurrent cognitive task along with a balance task, to examine the cognitive demands associated with postural control. However, the mechanisms of sensory integration processing and neural resource allocation in the human brain have not been fully investigated in real balance tasks with concurrent cognitive tasks. A novel neuroimaging method, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), provides us the opportunity to explore the underlying mechanism of postural control in the human brain. The purpose of this research is to investigate physiological limitations when processing OF information and observe the neural resource allocation during dual-task conditions. In this study, healthy younger adults (aged 25-45 y.o., n = 24), healthy older adults (aged 65-85 y.o., n = 24), and older adults at risk of falling based on the STEADI and clinical balance/gait assessments (aged 65-85 y.o., n = 24) will be recruited. In the first visit subjects will be asked to wear a VR head mounted display that will present the OF stimulation. Particle movement speed will vary between six levels, 0 m/s (static), 5m/s, 10 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, and 25 m/s. The nonstatic OF speeds will be contracted to the static OF (0 m/s) in a block design, (A1-B-A2), for a total of six conditions. Each block will last for 30 seconds. In the second visit, the subjects will perform two auditory reaction time tasks while receiving OF stimulation at the speeds of 5 m/s and 20 m/s. During the two study visits fNIRS will be used to measure brain activity in regions of interest (ROIs) including the bilateral prefrontal cortices, superior temporal areas, and temporoparietal junctions. We will compare the group, gender, and hemisphere differences in the ROIs. A repeated measure ANOVA will be used to analyze the reaction time and postural sway data to examine the effects of Group (younger, older, and older adults with fall risks), OF speed (six OF speeds), Block (A1, B, and A2), and their interactions.

项目摘要 人类的姿势控制涉及视觉，体感和前庭输入中的多种感觉整合。 由于随着衰老而发生的体质和前庭功能的下降，视力成为主要的 感觉输入用于维持老年人的平衡。研究已使用光流（OF）检查效果 关于姿势控制的视觉输入。虽然可以通过传统的PC监视器呈现视频流刺激 设置，消费者等级虚拟现实（VR）头部安装显示器的出现提供了新的选项。一个 沉浸式VR环境是有利的，因为它可以提供刺激以引起自我运动幻觉 这会引起姿势反应，同时还将受试者从外部刺激中隔离。除了视觉 信息，注意对于老年人保持良好平衡至关重要。研究使用了双任务 范式，例如执行并发认知任务以及平衡任务，以检查认知 与姿势控制相关的需求。但是，感觉整合处理的机制和 人脑中的神经资源分配尚未在实际平衡任务中得到充分研究 并发认知任务。一种新型的神经影像学方法，功能性近红外光谱（FNIRS）， 为我们提供了探索人脑姿势控制的潜在机制的机会。这 这项研究的目的是研究信息处理并观察生理限制 双重任务条件下的神经资源分配。在这项研究中，健康的年轻人（25​​-45 Y.O.， n = 24），健康的老年人（65-85 Y.O.，n = 24），而老年人有可能根据Steadi跌倒的风险 和临床平衡/步态评估（65-85 Y.O.，n = 24）。在第一次访问中将是 被要求穿VR头安装的显示屏，以呈现刺激。粒子运动速度将 在六个级别，0 m/s（静态），5m/s，10 m/s，15 m/s，20 m/s和25 m/s之间变化。速度的不变 在块设计（A1-B-A2）中与（0 m/s）的静态签约，总共六个条件。每个块将 持续30秒。在第二次访问中，受试者在接收时将执行两个听觉反应时间任务 以5 m/s和20 m/s的速度刺激。在两个研究期间，FNIRS将用于测量 感兴趣区域（ROI）的大脑活动（包括双侧前额叶皮层，上等时间区域和 颞叶连接。我们将比较ROI的群体，性别和半球差异。一个 重复测量方差分析将用于分析反应时间和姿势摇摆数据以检查 速度（六个速度），块（A1，B和 A2）及其互动。