Medical ecology of schistosomiasis haematobia in the developing countries : Changes which took place in a long-term control program

发展中国家血吸虫病的医学生态学：长期控制计划中发生的变化

基本信息

批准号：
09041187
负责人：
AOKI Yoshiki
金额：
$ 11.9万
依托单位：
Nagasaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There exist several tools to control schistosomiasis. When these tools will be combined effectively, the control of schistosomiasis will be successful. The present study aims to search the advantage and weakness of three major tools for control of schistosomiasis, mass-chemotherapy, safe water supply and health education. The studies were done in the endemic area of schistosomiasis haematobia in Kenya.1. Effect of mass-chemotherapy on the morbidity in the communityIn the village where mass-chemotherapy was repeated every two years for 10 years, haematuria and urinary tract morbidity assessed by ultrasound were very low. The major bladder morbidity was observed on the young people aged from 10 to 19 years. Morbidity of ureter and kidney were observed only for people aged over 30 years. Bladder pathology frequently disappeared spontaneously.2. Effect of safe water supply (5 community stand pipes and one shower unit) on the behavior of villagersThe total frequency of human water contact decreased significantly. However, the reduction in the frequency of contact depend on water contact activity and the distance from the home to the standpipe.3. Effect of health education on the perception of disease and behavior of the villagersHealth education materials used were WHO textbook and home made video tapes. Health education was provided the villagers by community health educators. Effect of health education was evaluated by the KAP studies done before and after the education. KAP studies clearly showed that health education easily provide the villager the knowledge on schistosomiasis and prevention of infection. However, it seems to take time for the villagers to make behavioral changes so as to prevent the infection of schistosomiasis.The present study reports the advantages and weakness of three major tools of control of schistosomiasis. The results of the study will contribute the control of schistosomiasis in the developing countries.

有几种控制血吸虫病的工具。当这些工具有效地组合时，血吸虫病的控制将成功。本研究旨在寻找控制血吸虫病，质量化学疗法，安全供水和健康教育的三个主要工具的优势和弱点。研究是在肯尼亚血吸虫病血吸虫病的流行地区进行的。1。质量化学疗法对社区发病率的影响在村庄中每两年重复一次质量化学疗法，持续10年，血液和通过超声评估的尿路发病率非常低。对10至19岁的年轻人观察到了主要的膀胱发病率。仅针对30岁以上的人观察到输尿管和肾脏的发病率。膀胱病理经常自发消失2。安全供水（5个社区支架管道和一个淋浴单元）对村民行为的影响大大降低。但是，接触频率的降低取决于水的接触活动以及从家庭到站立的距离3。健康教育对所使用的村庄医疗教育材料的疾病和行为的影响是WHO教科书和家庭制作的录像带。社区健康教育者为村民提供了健康教育。在教育之前和之后进行的KAP研究评估了健康教育的影响。 KAP研究清楚地表明，健康教育很容易为村民提供有关血吸虫病和预防感染的知识。但是，村民似乎需要时间改变行为，以防止血吸虫病感染。本研究报告了三种主要控制血吸虫病的主要工具的优势和弱点。该研究的结果将促进发展中国家血吸虫病的控制。