Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Biological Rhythms

生物节律的分子和细胞机制

基本信息

批准号：
09044216
负责人：
EBIHARA Shizufumi
金额：
$ 5.63万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09044216/
关键词：
Circadian rhythm Biological clock Molecular mechanism Clock gene SCN Pineal Mutation Circadian rhythm clock gene molecular mechanism

项目摘要

Circadian rhythms generated by an internal biological clock are observed in almost all the organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes living on earth. Although the properties of circadian rhythms are common to all of the organisms, it is unknown if the molecular mechanisms of the circadian rhythm is ubiquitous to the organisms. In this joint research, Japanese and US researchers collaborated with each other in elucidating molecular and cellular basis of circadian clock, investigating systematically from prokaryotes to mammals. During the past 2 years, Japanese and US group have independently isolated several clock genes in cyanobacteria, Drosophila and mice and so on. Particularly, it is remarkable that a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila per gene and a Drosophila homologs of mammalia Clock gene and BMAL1 gene encoding a protein heterodimerized with CLOCK protein have been cloned, suggesting that the circadian clock components are common at least to the animal kingdom. In addition, although the circadian molecule in prokaryotes may be different, we have shown that the circadian rhythm is generated by a positive and negative feedback transcription/translation mechanisms in all the organisms and suggest that cicadian oscillation is based on universal molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we have obtained excellent results in the following issues ; the pineal photopigment (pinopsin), single cell recorging from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the role of astrocyte in circadian rhythm, isolation of arrhythrnic mutant mice and the role of ICER in the circadian clock.

在地球上从原核生物到真核生物的几乎所有生物体中都观察到由内部生物钟产生的昼夜节律。尽管昼夜节律的特性对所有生物体来说都是共同的，但昼夜节律的分子机制是否对生物体普遍存在尚不清楚。在这项联合研究中，日本和美国研究人员相互合作，阐明了生物钟的分子和细胞基础，系统地研究了从原核生物到哺乳动物。近两年来，日本和美国研究小组在蓝藻、果蝇、小鼠等体内独立分离出多个时钟基因。特别是，值得注意的是，果蝇per基因的哺乳动物同源物以及编码与CLOCK蛋白异二聚化的蛋白的哺乳动物Clock基因和BMAL1基因的果蝇同源物已被克隆，这表明生物钟成分至少对于动物界是共有的。此外，尽管原核生物中的昼夜节律分子可能有所不同，但我们已经证明，昼夜节律是由所有生物体中的正反馈和负反馈转录/翻译机制产生的，并表明蝉振荡是基于通用的分子机制。此外，我们在以下问题上也取得了优异的成绩；松果体感光色素（pinopsin）、视交叉上核的单细胞再生、星形胶质细胞在昼夜节律中的作用、心律失常突变小鼠的分离以及 ICER 在昼夜节律中的作用。