Vertical Crustal Movements in the Upper Rhine Graben Derived from Precise Levelling Data, SAR Interferometry and GNSS

由精确水准数据、SAR 干涉测量和 GNSS 得出的莱茵河上游地堑的垂直地壳运动

• 批准号: 79132441
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Heck
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Geodätisches Institut (GIK)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/79132441?language=en
• 关键词: Vertical; Crustal; Movements; Upper; Rhine

The goal of our project is the development of a methodology to derive large-scale, three-dimensional velocity fields in the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) area using a combination of levelling, Persistent Scatterer SAR interferometry (PSI) and GNSS. In the first part of this project, granted by German Research Foundation (DFG), the basis for the vertical displacement component has been set by consistent least squares adjustment of transnational levelling data from Germany, France and Switzerland. In the hereby applied second part of the research project, displacement rates derived from PSI and from time series of continuously operating GNSS sites in the URG shall be added to the levelling data in order to spatially densify the existing information on the vertical displacements as well as to quantify horizontal displacements. To this end, SAR scenes of the C-band satellites ERS1/2 and ENVISAT shall be analysed in a 250 km long and 100 km wide stripe between Basel and Mannheim by applying the PSI method. With respect to the detection of long-wave displacement phenomena using the C-band data archive, the focus is on the implementation and testing of a new procedure for the separation of orbit errors in the PSI processing chain. Concerning the GNSS analysis the project can benefit from comprehensive preliminary work, carried out at Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, and directly use the results for horizontal and vertical displacement rates at the sites of the GNSS Upper Rhine Graben network (GURN). The main focus of the second part of the project is on a combination of the three geodetic measurement techniques for the detection of surface displacements (levelling, PSI, GNSS) in order to derive a consistent, three-dimensional velocity field for the whole URG at a high spatial resolution. The approach shall exploit the individual advantages of the measurement techniques (accuracy, spatial and temporal resolution) in an optimum way. As the data and the results of the three techniques are (i) inhomogeneous in space and time, and (ii) related to different reference levels, appropriate interpolation methods have to be developed and applied on the present combination problem. Because of the presumably large inhomogeneity in the distribution of the measurement points, approaches for a line-wise interpolation of the data shall be investigated in addition to the spatial interpolation using the Kriging method. Besides the detection and modelling of the surface displacements another focus of the research project is on the separation of anthropogenic, environmental (non-tectonic) and tectonic deformation. Areas with local displacement anomalies due to anthropogenic exploitation of the subsurface have to be omitted as far as possible for large-scale studies, but may be useful for detailed investigations and sensitivity analyses.

我们项目的目标是开发一种方法，结合水准测量、持续散射体 SAR 干涉测量 (PSI) 和 GNSS 来获取上莱茵地堑 (URG) 地区的大规模三维速度场。在该项目的第一部分中，由德国研究基金会（DFG）资助，垂直位移分量的基础是通过对来自德国、法国和瑞士的跨国水准数据进行一致的最小二乘调整来设定的。在此应用的研究项目的第二部分中，从 PSI 和 URG 中连续运行 GNSS 站点的时间序列得出的位移率应添加到水准数据中，以便在空间上密集化有关垂直位移的现有信息以及量化水平位移。为此，应用PSI方法对巴塞尔和曼海姆之间长250公里、宽100公里的地带内的C波段卫星ERS1/2和ENVISAT的SAR场景进行分析。关于使用C波段数据档案检测长波位移现象，重点是实施和测试PSI处理链中轨道误差分离的新程序。关于 GNSS 分析，该项目可以受益于卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院大地测量研究所开展的全面前期工作，并直接使用 GNSS 上莱茵河地堑网络 (GURN) 站点的水平和垂直位移率结果。该项目第二部分的主要重点是结合用于检测表面位移的三种大地测量技术（水准测量、PSI、GNSS），以便为整个 URG 得出一致的三维速度场高空间分辨率。该方法应以最佳方式利用测量技术的各自优势（精度、空间和时间分辨率）。由于三种技术的数据和结果（i）在空间和时间上不均匀，并且（ii）与不同的参考水平相关，因此必须开发适当的插值方法并将其应用于当前的组合问题。由于测量点分布可能存在很大的不均匀性，除了使用克里金法进行空间插值之外，还应研究数据的线向插值方法。除了地表位移的检测和建模之外，该研究项目的另一个重点是人为、环境（非构造）和构造变形的分离。对于大规模研究来说，由于人为开采地下而产生局部位移异常的区域必须尽可能被忽略，但可能对详细调查和敏感性分析有用。

项目成果

Estimation of small surface displacements in the Upper Rhine Graben area from a combined analysis of PS-InSAR, levelling and GNSS data

通过综合分析 PS-InSAR、水准测量和 GNSS 数据估算莱茵河上游地堑地区的小表面位移

• DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggv328
• 发表时间: 2015-10-01
• 期刊: Geophysical Journal International
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: T. Fuhrmann;M. C. Cuenca;A. Knöpfler;F. J. Leijen;M. Mayer;M. Westerhaus;R. Hanssen;B. Heck
• 通讯作者: B. Heck

Vertical displacement rates in the Upper Rhine Graben area derived from precise leveling

莱茵河上游地堑地区的垂直位移率源自精确水准测量

• DOI: 10.1007/s00190-014-0721-0
• 发表时间: 2014-05-03
• 期刊: Journal of Geodesy
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: T. Fuhrmann;M. Westerhaus;K. Zippelt;B. Heck
• 通讯作者: B. Heck

Historische Nivellements aus Preußen und Baden und ihre Bedeutung für die Bestimmung von Vertikalbewegungen im Oberrheingrabengebiet

普鲁士和巴登的历史平整及其对于确定莱茵河上游地堑地区垂直运动的意义

• DOI: 10.12902/zfv-0038-2014
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Fuhrmann; T.; Zippelt; K.; Heck; B.
• 通讯作者: B.

Recent surface displacements in the Upper Rhine Graben — Preliminary results from geodetic networks

莱茵河上游地堑最近的地表位移 — 大地测量网络的初步结果

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.10.012
• 发表时间: 2013-08-16
• 期刊: Tectonophysics
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: T. Fuhrmann;B. Heck;A. Knöpfler;F. Masson;M. Mayer;P. Ulrich;M. Westerhaus;K. Zippelt
• 通讯作者: K. Zippelt