ナノ粒子Ｐｄの形成場としての自己組織化イオン液体修飾酸化グラフェン複合体の合成

作为纳米颗粒 Pd 形成位点的自组装离子液体改性氧化石墨烯复合材料的合成

基本信息

批准号：
17F17081
负责人：
笹木圭子
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2017-04-26 至 2019-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The platinum group metal (PGM) reserves are depleting severely every year, and the demand to supply ratio is forecast to widen significantly by 2020. These factors induce the growing pressure on PGM recycling. High-level liquid waste (a spent nuclear fuel), spent automotive catalyst leachates are potential secondary sources for the urban mining of PGMs. The preparation of high acid tolerant and efficient functional materials is a challenging task in the solid phase recovery of noble metals. To overcome this issue, covalently functionalized graphene oxide (GO) materials were explored. The GO was covalently functionalized with 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole (ImGO), 2-methylthiophene (ThpGO), 2-aminoethanethiol (CysGO) through amide or amine formation at different reactive sites. Both ImGO and ThpGO were found efficient for the selective extraction of Pd from HLLW containing several metal ions. Both the materials could be recycled without a drop in efficiency for the studied five cycles.CysGO was employed for the recovery of precious metals from the simulated spent catalyst leachates containing various PGMs (Pd, Pt and Rh), rare metals (Zr, Y, La and Ce), alkaline earth metals (Ba), and base metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Ni) at 1M acid concentration. CysGO could selectively extract precious metals from all three medium with Pd (87.7 mol%) as major component and Pt co-adsorbed in small amount. The regenerated materials were converted into PGM nanoparticle supported graphene materials, a well-known heterogeneous catalyst through simple pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere at 500oC.

铂族金属（PGM）储量每年都在严重消耗，预计到2020年供需比将大幅扩大。这些因素导致铂族金属回收压力越来越大。高放废液（一种乏核燃料）、废汽车催化剂渗滤液是城市铂族金属开采的潜在二次来源。高耐酸高效功能材料的制备是贵金属固相回收中的一项具有挑战性的任务。为了克服这个问题，人们探索了共价功能化氧化石墨烯（GO）材料。 GO 通过在不同反应位点形成酰胺或胺，与 1-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑 (ImGO)、2-甲基噻吩 (ThpGO)、2-氨基乙硫醇 (CysGO) 共价功能化。人们发现 ImGO 和 ThpGO 都可以有效地从含有多种金属离子的 HLLW 中选择性萃取 Pd。在所研究的五个循环中，这两种材料都可以回收利用而不会降低效率。CysGO 用于从含有各种 PGM（Pd、Pt 和 Rh）、稀有金属（Zr、Y、 1M 酸浓度下的 La 和 Ce）、碱土金属 (Ba) 和贱金属（Cu、Fe、Zn 和 Ni）。 CysGO 可以从所有三种介质中选择性地提取贵金属，其中 Pd (87.7 mol%) 为主要成分，并共吸附少量 Pt。再生材料通过在 N2 气氛下 500oC 的简单热解转化为 PGM 纳米粒子负载的石墨烯材料，这是一种众所周知的多相催化剂。