Environmental Response and Acclimation of Dark-Respiration in Crop Plants

农作物暗呼吸的环境响应和驯化

基本信息

批准号：
17580017
负责人：
SAITOH Kuniyuki
金额：
$ 2.4万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Dark-respiration is a physiological process which supplies essential energy for growth and maintenance in crop plants. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between dark-respiration and dry-matter production quantitatively. Ten crop species were cultivated in the upland or paddy field, and the growth parameters (CGR ; crop growth rate, NAR ; net assimilation rate and LAI ; mean leaf area index) and the dark-respiration rates were measured during the whole growth season. CGR in each crop stands increased with the growth, and showed the maximum at the beginning of reproductive period followed by the gradual decrease until the physiological maturity. Specific respiration rate (Rs) of whole plant showed the maximum at the earlier stage of the vegetative growth, and rapidly decreased until the beginning of reproductive period, after that almost constant during the ripening period. Rs in the vegetative organs (leaf blade and stem) changed almost same tendency with that in the whole pla … More nt, and Rs in the leaf blade was higher than that in the stem during the reproductive period. Rs in the sink organ (panicle, pod and flower, etc.) showed the maximum at the earlier seed growth period followed by the rapid decrease, and was similar value or lower than that in the vegetative organ at the physiological maturity. Nitrogen content in the sink organ was highest at the beginning of seed growth followed by rapid decrease, and re-increased at the later ripening period in sunflower, soybean, kenaf and groundnut, of which seed contained much protein. Growth efficiency (GE=CGR/ (CGR+Rp), Rp ; per plant respiration rate) in the whole plant during the vegetative period was more than 60% in corn, sunflower, kenaf and barley, and lower in potato, soybean and groundnut showing 39-55% due to the higher Rp. GE in the whole plant during the reproductive period was smaller than that during the vegetative period (except potato) related to the increase in the maintenance respiration of nonassimilative organ and the decrease in the thy-weight of vegetative organs due to translocation of assimirates. Close correlation was found between the GE in the sink organ, which occupied larger portion of the phytomass at the later stage of ripening period, and the oil content of reserve material in the sink organ indicating that the cost of respiration used for oil synthesis was larger than the other substances. It was speculated that the variation in GE among crop species was due to the differences in the cost of growth and maintenance respiration of vegetative organs and of synthesis used for the reserve substances. Less

暗呼吸是为作物生长和维持提供必需能量的生理过程，有必要定量阐明旱地或稻田种植的十种作物的暗呼吸与干物质生产之间的关系。在整个生长季节测量了每个作物林分的生长参数（CGR；作物生长率，NAR；净同化率和LAI；平均叶面积指数）和暗呼吸率，并显示了随生长而增加的情况。最大值在整个植株的比呼吸率（Rs）在繁殖期开始后逐渐下降，直到生理成熟为止，在营养生长早期呈现最大，并迅速下降，直到繁殖期开始，之后几乎保持恒定。成熟期营养器官(叶片和茎)的Rs变化趋势与全株变化趋势基本一致,且生殖期叶片的Rs高于茎。库器官（圆锥花序，豆荚、花等）在种子生长期达到最高值，随后迅速下降，在生理成熟时与营养器官的氮含量相近或较低。库器官中氮含量在开始时最高。向日葵、大豆、红麻、花生的种子生长速度随后迅速下降，成熟后期又重新增加，其中种子中蛋白质含量较高。生长效率(GE=CGR/(CGR+Rp)，Rp。玉米、向日葵、红麻和大麦在整个植物生长期的每株呼吸速率（单位呼吸速率）超过60%，而马铃薯、大豆和花生则较低，由于整体Rp较高，为39-55%。植物繁殖期比营养期小（马铃薯除外），与非同化器官维持呼吸作用增强、植株体重减少有关。由于同化物易位而导致的植物器官的GE在成熟后期占据植物体的大部分，并且与库器官中储备材料的油含量之间存在密切相关性，这表明成本。用于油合成的呼吸作用比其他物质大，推测作物种类之间的 GE 差异是由于营养器官的生长和维持呼吸作用以及用于储备的合成作用的差异造成的。物质.较少