Quantitative Analysis of Individual Differences in Visual Attention Properties

视觉注意力特性个体差异的定量分析

基本信息

批准号：
14550412
负责人：
UCHIKAWA Keiji
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14550412/
关键词：
Visual attention Visual information processing Individual difference Contrast sensitivity

项目摘要

The aim of the present research is to investigate individual differences in the strength and the spatial range of the visual attention. We measured detection sensitivity of a visual target in the conditions with attention and without attention. The double task and the single task paradigms were adopted in the main experiment. In the double task condition the observer responded only when the central task was correctly performed. It was possible to estimate the sensitivity change by comparing the results in these twoconditions. The Gabor pattern was uses as a stimulus and its spatial frequency was set at 0.5,1,2,4,8,and 16 cpd. Ten observers participated in this experiment. In the main experiment an apparatus was newly built which consisted of 6 mirrors and two monitors to make the viewing distance long enough to produce fine gratings. It was possible to measure spatial contrast sensitivity with frequency by using this apparatus.The results show that the spatial contrast sensitivities were found to be lower with the central task than those without the central task for all observers, which means that when attention is not paid to the target area the detection sensitivity decreases. Clear individual differences exist in the spatial frequency characteristics of sensitivity reduction. These individual differences are categorized into four patterns. 1.Large sensitivity reduction, larger in high spatial frequencies, 2.Large sensitivity reduction, no spatial selectivity, 3.Small sensitivity reduction, larger in middle spatial frequencies, 4.Small sensitivity reduction, no spatial frequency selectivity.

本研究的目的是调查视觉注意力的强度和空间范围的个体差异。我们测量了有注意力和无注意力条件下视觉目标的检测灵敏度。主要实验采用双任务和单任务范式。在双重任务条件下，观察者仅在正确执行中心任务时做出反应。通过比较这两种条件下的结果可以估计灵敏度变化。 Gabor 模式用作刺激，其空间频率设置为 0.5、1、2、4、8 和 16 cpd。十名观察员参与了这项实验。在主要实验中，新建了一个由 6 个镜子和两个监视器组成的装置，以使观察距离足够长以产生精细的光栅。使用该装置可以随频率测量空间对比敏感度。结果表明，对于所有观察者来说，有中心任务的空间对比敏感度低于没有中心任务的空间对比敏感度，这意味着当注意力不集中时到目标区域，检测灵敏度降低。敏感性降低的空间频率特征存在明显的个体差异。这些个体差异分为四种模式。 1.灵敏度降低幅度大，高空间频率较大； 2.灵敏度降低幅度大，无空间频率选择性； 3.灵敏度降低幅度小，中空间频率较大； 4.灵敏度降低幅度小，无空间频率选择性。