Understanding of heat and water balance, and evapotranspiration characteristics on Asian monsoon area with one-dimensional land surface models

利用一维地表模型了解亚洲季风区水热平衡及蒸散特征

基本信息

批准号：
14340142
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Takeshi
金额：
$ 2.69万
依托单位：
Independent Administrative Institution, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A one-dimensional land surface model (2LM) including two vegetation layers was adapted to taiga larch forest in Yakutsk eastern Siberia. Small latent heat (large sensible heat) flux was simulated in the larch forest compared with a grass land, it corresponds to observation. It is explained by small leaf area contributing transpiration even if there are no differences on leaf physiological characteristics between larch and grass.Jarvis stomatal conductance model was introduced into 2LM. Two parameter sets was determined with measurements by plant physiologists in several sites in north-east Asia. One is obtained by in situ measurements in each site ; the other is determined by pooled all data, and common to all sites. Similar seasonal courses of water and energy fluxes were simulated using these two parameter sets.Transpiration peak is observed in late dry season in northern Thailand. It means that deep soil water accumulated in rainy season was used. According to examinations with various rooting depth using a multi-layer model, the transpiration peak and annual runoff were simulated with 4 to 5 meters of rooting depth.In order to simulate heat and water environment in soil and soil respiration, diffusion processes of carbon dioxide and water solutions were introduced into the model. The model was adapted to evergreen forest in northern Thailand ; observed profile of soil temperature, water content and carbon dioxide concentration, and soil respiration were reasonably simulated.

包括两个植被层的一维陆地表面模型（2LM）适用于西伯利亚东部雅库茨克的针叶林落叶松林。与草地相比，模拟了落叶松林的潜热（显热）通量小，与观测相符。这是因为即使落叶松和草的叶片生理特性没有差异，小叶面积也有助于蒸腾作用。将Jarvis气孔导度模型引入2LM中。植物生理学家在东北亚多个地点进行测量，确定了两个参数集。一个是通过每个站点的现场测量获得的；另一个是通过汇总所有数据确定的，并且对所有站点都是通用的。使用这两个参数集模拟了类似的水和能量通量的季节性过程。在泰国北部的旱季后期观察到蒸腾峰值。这意味着雨季积累的深层土壤水被利用。根据多层模型对不同根深的考察，模拟了4~5米根深的蒸腾峰值和年径流量，模拟土壤中的热水环境和土壤呼吸、二氧化碳的扩散过程。并将水溶液引入模型中。该模型适用于泰国北部的常绿森林；对观测到的土壤温度、含水量和二氧化碳浓度以及土壤呼吸进行了合理模拟。