Formal Description of Tense and Aspect with Semantic Structures

时态和体的语义结构形式化描述

• 批准号: 13610675
• 负责人: BANDO Michiko
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Shiga University (2003-2004)Anan National College of Technology (2001-2002)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610675/
• 关键词: Semantic Structures of tense morphemes; Causative sentences; Implication of resultant caused subevent; Aspect of Japanese psych-verbs; Polysemy of simeru; Lexical Conceptual Structure(LCS); Qualia Structure; Event Headedness; 動詞の多義性; 動詞の語彙概念構造

(i)We attempted to solve two problems : why some causative sentences imply its resultant caused subevent while others does not necessarily ; according to the implication differences, why we judge the implication with the past tense. For the former problem, we classified causative verbs into three types and described each property. For the latter problem, we described the function of the tense morpheme -ta formally and proposed that -ta has fixed its reference time to the event time of the headed subevent. Then we showed the relationship between the function of -ta and the implication differences of causatives.(ii)We classified Japanese psych-verbs into four groups based on the distribution of -ni NP and -o NP which each psych-verb takes. With the classification, we showed the relationship between the distribution and the verbs' aspectual properties. Further, we observed the phenomenon of aspect shifts of psych-verbs and hypothesized that lexicon has the possible aspectual entries on the list of a verb.(iii)The Japanese transitive verb simeru has several meanings such as 'tie,'' wring,''shut, ' and 'close.' We claim that the polysemy of simeru is generated from the combination of its lexical meaning and a noun phrase that it takes as its object. To formalize the combination, we use Lexical Conceptual Structure for verbs and Qualia Structure for nouns.(iv)We also tried to apply our observations above to the pragmatic and educational fields : we analyzed the mechanism of humor in a modern Japanese play from the viewpoint of time sequence, and examined some communicational gaps of time expressions occurred in classrooms.

(i)我们试图解决两个问题：为什么有些使役句暗示其所导致的子事件，而另一些则不一定；根据蕴涵的差异，为什么我们用过去时来判断蕴涵。对于前一个问题，我们将使动动词分为三种类型并描述了每种属性。对于后一个问题，我们正式描述了时态语素-ta的功能，并提出-ta将其参考时间固定为中心子事件的事件时间。然后我们展示了-ta的功能与使役词的含义差异之间的关系。(ii)根据每个心理动词所具有的-ni NP和-o NP的分布，我们将日语心理动词分为四组。通过分类，我们展示了分布与动词体属性之间的关系。此外，我们观察了心理动词的体态变化现象，并假设词典在动词列表中存在可能的体态条目。(iii)日语及物动词 simeru 有多种含义，如“领带”、“拧”、“ “关闭”和“关闭”。我们认为 simeru 的多义性是由它的词汇意义和它作为宾语的名词短语的组合产生的。为了形式化这种组合，我们对动词使用词汇概念结构，对名词使用感质结构。(iv)我们还尝试将上述观察结果应用到语用和教育领域：我们从以下角度分析了现代日本戏剧中的幽默机制：的时间顺序，并检查了课堂上发生的一些时间表达的交流间隙。