Dose Reconstruction and radiation effects in Semipalatinsk

塞米巴拉金斯克的剂量重建和辐射效应

基本信息

批准号：
11694282
负责人：
HOSHI Masaharu
金额：
$ 7.04万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11694282/
关键词：
Semipalatinsk Nuclear weapons tests Fallout Environmental dose Soil contamination External Dose Survivors 土壌汚染

项目摘要

Semipalatinsk nuclear test cite is located in the republic of Kazakhstan. In the test site, atomic bomb experiments were performed by the former Soviet Union about 467 times from 1949 to 1990. After this, many journalists have been reported that there are many patients due to radiation from the experiment. Our group began to study its radiation effects after the reorganization our institute, which was done in 1994. The characteristics of the radiation are different from Chernobyl for example radiation doses are large but contamination from radioactivity is low at Semipalatinsk. They reported that radiation level is an order of 1 Gy at Dolon. We have been funded by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. (A) and (B) from The Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture continuously from 1994. The contents of the research is that (1) the measurements of Plutonium, Cesium and Uranium in soil samples and in born and organs of people. (2) The dosimetry study of external doses by using tooth enamel samples and brick samples. From these study we could verify that the people living in this area actually exposed due to nuclear experiments. From 1 999 we begun to examine thyroid gland and found that high incidence of nodule. At the same time chromosome aberration in lymphocyte have been examined and also found high incidence of micronucleus, which correspond to the irradiation of 0.4 Gy. The chromosome aberrations have a tendency that they are irradiated with high LET radiation. The individual doses are estimated with the Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology. Especially we began to examine the abnormality of mouth and tooth with the specialist Dr. Okamoto of dental school, Hiroshima University from 2000. We found high incidence of mouth abnormality. All of our study indicates high incidence in these area, therefore we much proceed in our study to find causes and mechanism of the abnormalities.

塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场位于哈萨克斯坦共和国。 1949年至1990年间，前苏联在该试验场进行了约467次原子弹实验。此后，不少记者报道称，因实验辐射而造成许多病人。 1994年研究所改组后，我们组开始研究其辐射效应。辐射的特点与切尔诺贝利不同，塞米巴拉金斯克的辐射剂量大，但放射性污染低。他们报告说，多隆的辐射水平为 1 Gy 量级。我们得到了科学研究补助金的资助。从1994年起连续由文部科学省提出的（A）和（B）。研究内容是（1）土壤样品和人体出生和器官中钚、铯和铀的测量。 (2)利用牙釉质样品和砖块样品进行外照射剂量测定研究。从这些研究中我们可以证实居住在该地区的人们确实因核实验而受到暴露。从1999年我们开始检查甲状腺，发现结节的发生率很高。同时对淋巴细胞染色体畸变进行了检查，也发现微核发生率较高，对应0.4Gy的照射。染色体畸变具有受到高LET辐射照射的倾向。个体剂量是由放射医学和生态学研究所估算的。特别是从2000年起，我们开始与广岛大学牙科学院的专家冈本博士一起检查口腔和牙齿的异常情况。我们发现口腔异常的发生率很高。我们所有的研究都表明这些区域的发病率很高，因此我们继续进行研究以找出异常的原因和机制。