The process of momentary diffusion of members' behavioral patterns in a collectivity

集体成员行为模式瞬间扩散的过程

基本信息

批准号：
10610126
负责人：
KUGIHARA Naoki
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Kyushu Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

With regard to this theme, the following four studies were conducted.1. The first study examined the effects of group size (12 vs 24 subjects) and percentage of the subjects starting with majority behavior (50 %, 67 %, 83 %) upon the process of achieving behavioral uniformity. Each subjects was given a B5 size card having different colors on the front and the back and showed either side of the cards to others. Subjects shared the goal of achieving uniformity by selecting one of two color options. Analysis indicated that (1)group size did not affect time to complete unanimity, (2)transition probability toward majority was dependent upon not only the percentage of individuals at a given moment but also the percentage of the subjects in the beginning.2. The second study models escape behavior in emergency situations and compare the ability of deindividuation and social identity-based explanations. The former suggests an unconscious or unregulated process whereas the latter implies a more conscious and socially regulated process. The results suggest the conscious process of the norm formation and spread3. On June 13, 1996 Garuda Indonesia Airlines Flight 865 failed to take off from Fukuoka International Airport and crashed. The third study has examined the impact on group rationality according to the differences in degrees of threat caused by physical factors (i.e., fire and smoke, destruction of the cabin) and human factors. The result revealed that the physical threat did not lower the degree of group rationality but rather raised it. Family ties were not destroyed, and ordinary leadership roles and helping behavior became more apparent in the severely damaged area of the plane.4. The fourth study investigated gender difference in diffusion of social loafing among men and women in Japan. The results showed that the women tended to loaf less than men.

针对这一主题，进行了以下四项研究： 1．第一项研究考察了群体规模（12 与 24 名受试者）以及从多数行为开始的受试者百分比（50%、67%、83%）对实现行为一致性过程的影响。每个受试者都获得一张 B5 尺寸的卡片，卡片的正面和背面颜色不同，并向其他人展示卡片的两面。受试者的共同目标是通过选择两种颜色之一来实现均匀性。分析表明：(1)群体大小不影响达成一致的时间，(2)向多数的转变概率不仅取决于给定时刻的个体百分比，还取决于开始时受试者的百分比。2．第二项研究模拟了紧急情况下的逃生行为，并比较了去个性化和基于社会身份的解释的能力。前者暗示着无意识或不受监管的过程，而后者意味着更有意识和社会监管的过程。结果表明了规范形成和传播的自觉过程3。 1996年6月13日，印尼鹰航865号航班未能从福冈国际机场起飞并坠毁。第三项研究根据物理因素（如火灾和烟雾、机舱被破坏）和人为因素造成的威胁程度的差异来考察对群体理性的影响。结果显示，人身威胁不但没有降低群体理性程度，反而提高了群体理性程度。家庭纽带没有被破坏，普通的领导角色和帮助行为在飞机受损严重的区域变得更加明显。4。第四项研究调查了日本男性和女性社会偷懒扩散的性别差异。结果显示，女性比男性更倾向于偷懒。