Attention and working memory : Event-related brain potential research

注意力和工作记忆：事件相关的大脑潜力研究

基本信息

批准号：
10610089
负责人：
OKITA Tsunetaka
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Sapporo Gakuin University (1999-2000)Hyogo Medical University (1998)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In a series of experiments using event-related brain potential (ERP) and behavioral measures, we investigated a function of executive or attentional control in working memory, following the theory of Baddeley (1986).1. A prominent attenuation of N400 due to immediate repetition of words was observed, when both first and second presentations in one ear were the object of attention. However, when participants were required to switch their attention between first and second presentations in the different ears, the repetition effect disappeared. Following the idea that the N400 attenuation occurs because the immediate availability of the decision in working memory forestalls semantic access (Bentin ＆ McCarthy, 1994), the present finding suggests that the attentional switching between ears interferes the use of available decision.2. In a modified Sternberg memory scanning task, using photos of human faces and objects, and Kanji characters, a large, slow negative wave was observed for task-r … More elevant probe stimuli. The negativity at the temporo-occipital sites (T5, T6) was sensitive to a memory-set size, whereas fronto-centrally dominant negativity was not. These results, together with recent neuro-imaging findings, suggest that prefrontal activation relates top-down attentional control to govern the task-relevant processing while the fusiform gyrus (and its neighbors) is engaged in maintaining visual information in a highly accessible form over a short period of time (and matching it with an probe input).3. In a habituation paradigm, the recovery of P200 amplitude was reduced for semantically related test Kanji characters to repetitive Kanji, compared with the unrelated ones, when no task was required. In the semantic matching task, where the participants were required to decide whether or not the repetition and test Kanji characters were semantically related, the priming effect was obtained as the attenuation of the later negative wave N310 (corresponding to N400) for the related test Kanji, instead of P200. The P200 priming effect was interpreted as the semantically related response at the morphological level, which was due to semantic-level activation feeding back to the corresponding morphological-level representation, whereas the N310 effect as a reflection of the semantic-level activation of the semantic associates with the preceding Kanji. The task dependency of semantic priming levels indicated the top-down control in Kanji recognition processes. Less

在一系列使用事件相关脑电位 (ERP) 和行为测量的实验中，我们按照 Baddeley (1986) 的理论研究了工作记忆中的执行或注意力控制功能。1 由于即时性，N400 显着衰减。当一只耳朵的第一次和第二次呈现都是注意的对象时，观察到单词的重复。然而，当参与者被要求在不同耳朵的第一次和第二次呈现之间切换注意力时，重复效应消失了。这N400 衰减的发生是因为工作记忆中决策的即时可用性阻止了语义访问（Bentin & McCarthy，1994），目前的发现表明耳朵之间的注意力切换干扰了可用决策的使用。2。，使用人脸和物体以及汉字字符的照片，观察到任务 R 相关探针刺激的大而缓慢的负波。（T5，T6）对记忆集大小敏感，而额叶中央主导的消极性则不然。这些结果与最近的神经影像学发现一起表明，前额叶激活与自上而下的注意力控制相关，以控制任务相关。处理，而梭状回（及其邻居）在短时间内以高度可访问的形式维护视觉信息（并将其与探针输入相匹配）。 3. 在习惯化范式中，P200 的恢复。在语义匹配任务中，要求参与者决定重复和测试汉字字符是否在语义上相关，与不相关的汉字字符相比，语义相关的测试汉字字符与重复汉字的振幅减小。，启动效应被获得为相关测试汉字的后期负波 N310（对应于 N400）的衰减，而不是 P200 启动效应被解释为语义相关。形态层面的响应，这是由于语义层面的激活反馈到相应的形态层面的表示，而N310效应作为语义层面激活的反映与前面的汉字的任务依赖相关。语义启动水平表明汉字识别过程中自上而下的控制。