DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY OF JAPANESE URBAN PRIVATE RAILWAYS : An Economic Analysis of Strategy and its Policy Implications

日本城市私营铁路的多元化战略：战略及其政策含义的经济分析

基本信息

批准号：
09630104
负责人：
SHOJI Kenichi
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In most industrialized countries, public ownership, subsidies, and operating deficits are generally taken as a given to the provision of urban public transportation. In Japan, however, numerous privately owned enterprises provide adequate urban transportation and operate profitably without subsidization. While factors such as a favorable urban structure (densely populated cities with concentrated urban cores) have improved the profitability of rail activities, it is and has been the innovative use of diversification and integration strategies that have played an important role in allowing the private rail firm's success.The benefits accrued to a diversification strategy include : 1) the potential to lower subsidies provided by the government ; 2) greater profit potential for operators which may increase the likelihood of private initiative in the provision of urban transportation and may lead to improved quality and quantity of service for users ; 3) enhanced the effective regional developments ; 4) the enhanced use of a mode of transport that is energy efficient, occupies limited space and causes less pollution. The main argument against the utilization of a diversification strategy is the possibility that the benefits to society accrued through diversification strategy may outweigh the costs due to restricted competition.Through this study, we could figure out several valuable insights which give use firm base for future research for market strategy of Japanese private rails and provision of urban public transportation. The study analyzes the in-house diversification strategy of the majors and their group level activity. From this study, we claims that the Japanese model exemplifies a scenario under which railway systems can be privately operated without subsidization and diversification into unregulated areas by the rail operators should be considered acceptable as a way of dealing with the urban transportation problem.

在大多数工业化国家，公有制、补贴和运营赤字通常被视为提供城市公共交通的必然条件。然而，在日本，许多私营企业提供充足的城市交通，并且在没有补贴的情况下实现盈利。虽然有利的城市结构（人口稠密的城市和集中的城市核心）等因素提高了铁路活动的盈利能力，但多元化和一体化战略的创新运用在过去和现在都在允许私营铁路公司的发展中发挥了重要作用。多元化战略带来的好处包括：1）有可能降低政府提供的补贴； 2) 运营商的利润潜力更大，这可能会增加私人主动提供城市交通的可能性，并可能导致用户服务质量和数量的提高； 3）增强区域有效发展； 4) 加强使用节能、占用空间有限、污染较少的运输方式。反对采用多元化战略的主要论点是，通过多元化战略给社会带来的利益可能会超过由于限制竞争而产生的成本。通过这项研究，我们可以得出一些有价值的见解，为未来的研究奠定坚实的基础。日本私营铁路的市场战略和城市公共交通的提供。该研究分析了各专业的内部多元化战略及其集团层面的活动。从这项研究中，我们认为日本模式体现了一种情景，即铁路系统可以在没有补贴的情况下私人运营，并且铁路运营商在不受监管的领域进行多元化经营，作为解决城市交通问题的一种方式应该被认为是可以接受的。