Development of Integrated Molecular-Ecology System Assisting Adaptive and Harmonic Improvement in Forage Crops for Pasture.

开发综合分子生态系统，协助牧草作物的适应性和和谐改良。

基本信息

批准号：
07556144
负责人：
SHIMAMOTO Yoshiya
金额：
$ 4.67万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Development of integrated evaluation system for low-input and high sustainable pasture production system through linking ecological functions to molecular genetic infornmation. The following three research projects were performed by the grant for the three years (1995-1997) : (1) Molecular genetic studies of cold tolerance in perennial ryegrass, (2) Application of molecular markers to herbage breeding programs and(3)Physiological mechanisms of adaptive strategy in pasture species. The following results were obtained :(1) Genetic difference in cold tolerance between cultivars of perennial ryegrass was examined in relation to chemical components of fatty acids in leaves. (2) Cloning and sequencing of the twenty genes express after cold stress were carried out and functions of these genes were estimated by homology test with genomic libraries. (3) Useful polymorphism of isozyme loci and RAPD markers were indentified to establish the link between genetic information and ecological functions. (4) Analysis of isozyme and RAPD markers showed that ecotypes and cultivars in Japan tended to have lower genetic diversity than Europe populations. (5) Evaluation of cultivarietal differences in water stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass showed that diploid cultivars had more rapid water loss and higher drought tolerance of cells than tetraploid cultivars. (6) There was a positive correlation between drought tolerance and cold tolerance, which suggest similar underlying physiological mechanism responsible for the two tolerances. (7) There was a negative correlation between relative competitive ability and stress tolerance to drought and low temperature, which suggest a trade-off between tolerance to physical stress and growth response to resources.These findings seem to contribute to develop integrated system for evaluation of genotypes in a herbage breeding project which establish low-input and high sustainable pasture production system in Japan.

通过将生态功能与分子遗传信息联系起来，开发低投入、高可持续牧草生产系统综合评价体系。三年（1995-1997）的资助完成了以下三个研究项目：（1）多年生黑麦草耐寒性的分子遗传学研究，（2）分子标记在牧草育种中的应用以及（3）生理机制牧草物种的适应策略。主要研究结果如下：(1)考察了多年生黑麦草品种耐寒性遗传差异与叶片脂肪酸化学成分的关系。 (2)对冷应激后表达的20个基因进行克隆和测序，并通过与基因组文库的同源性测试来评估这些基因的功能。 (3) 鉴定了有用的同工酶位点多态性和RAPD标记，以建立遗传信息和生态功能之间的联系。 (4)同工酶和RAPD标记分析表明日本生态型和品种的遗传多样性往往低于欧洲种群。 (5)多年生黑麦草耐水胁迫能力的品种差异评价表明，二倍体品种比四倍体品种失水更快，细胞耐旱性更高。 (6)耐旱性和耐寒性之间存在正相关关系，这表明两种耐旱性的潜在生理机制相似。 (7)相对竞争能力与对干旱和低温的胁迫耐受性之间存在负相关关系，这表明对物理胁迫的耐受性和对资源的生长反应之间存在权衡。这些发现似乎有助于开发综合评价系统在日本建立低投入和高可持续牧草生产系统的牧草育种项目中的基因型。