Effects of host plant dioecy on leafminers and their parasitoids

寄主植物雌雄异体对潜叶蝇及其寄生蜂的影响

• 批准号: 16570017
• 负责人: SATO Hiroaki
• 金额: $ 2.26万
• 依托单位: Nara Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16570017/
• 关键词: Eurya japonica; Coptotriche iaponiella; Tischieriidae; parasitoid community; early leaf abscission; hvnersensitive response; leafminer; dioecy; ギルド構造; 共存機構; 二次寄生; 内寄生; 外寄生; カテキン; ムモンハモグリガ; 過敏応答; 強制産卵; 産卵選好性; 初期死亡率; 落葉抑制; 未記載種; 開葉フェノロジ

We aimed to clarify the effects of sexual difference of Eurya japonica (Theaceae) in vegetative growth pattern and foliar nutritional and secondaty substance contents on the ecology of a leafminer (Coptotonche japoniella, Tischeriidae, Lepidoptera) and its parasitoid community. However, the difference in the density of C. japoniella between male and female plants was yearly variable, so that we failed to attain the original aim. Instead, we revealed the following things:1. C. japoniella oviposited exclusively on leaves over aged one year and scarcely on current-year leaves. Old leaves had smaller amount of nitrogen contents, lower ratio of nitrogen to carbon and larger amount of epigarocatechin than current-year leaves. When females of C. japoniella were compelled to lay eggs on current-year leaves, hatched larvae were soon enclosed by transformed cells of the leaf tissue. Thus, the adaptive significance that females scarcely oviposit on current-year leaves would be to avoid leaves with hypersensitive response to mines rather than leaves with poor nutritional quality.2. Leaves with leafmining larvae killed experimentally began to abscise earlier and more rapidly than leaves with living larvae. This suggests that C. japoniella larvae inhibit the host plant from abscising mined leaves early.3. The parasitoid assemblage assariated with C. japoniella was composed of 12 species. Of them, one was koinobiont, and the others were idiobiont. Coexisting mechanisms in this assemblage seemed to be a quite high rate of hyperparasitism by idiobionts to the dominant koinobiont and wide host ranges of idiobionts.4. On the basis of investigation of specimens preserved in Osaka Prefecture University and Hokkaido University and those collected in the field, four species of Tischeriidae were found to be new to science. Furthermore, a new tischeriid species from Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) was collected in Jawa Island, Indonesia, where no tischeriids had been recorded.

本研究旨在阐明山柃（Theaceae）营养生长方式和叶面营养及次生物质含量的性别差异对潜叶蝇（Coptotonche japoniella、Tischeriidae、Lepidoptera）及其寄生蜂群落生态的影响。然而，日本竹荪雌雄​​株的密度差异每年都在变化，因此未能达到最初的目的。相反，我们揭示了以下内容：1。 C. japoniella 只在一年以上的叶子上产卵，很少在当年的叶子上产卵。老叶比当年叶氮含量少，氮碳比低，表伽儿茶素含量多。当雌性日本锦龟被迫在当年的叶子上产卵时，孵化的幼虫很快就会被叶子组织的转化细胞包围。因此，雌虫很少在当年叶上产卵的适应性意义在于避开对地雷过敏的叶子，而不是营养质量差的叶子。2．实验性杀死采叶幼虫的叶子开始比活幼虫的叶子更早、更快地脱落。这表明日本竹节虫幼虫抑制寄主植物提早脱落采叶。 3．与日本小蠹有伴生的寄生蜂组合由12种组成。其中，一种是古生物，另一种是白生物。该组合的共存机制似乎是特异生物对占优势的交配生物的过度寄生率相当高，且特异生物的宿主范围广泛。4．通过对大阪府立大学和北海道大学保存的标本以及野外采集的标本进行调查，发现了四种新的Tischeriidae物种。此外，来自栎属的一个新的 tischeriid 物种。 （壳斗科）是在印度尼西亚爪哇岛采集的，那里没有记录到 tischeriids。

项目成果

Inhibition of premature leaf abscission by a leafminer and its adaptive significance

潜叶蝇对叶片过早脱落的抑制及其适应性意义

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Environmental Entomology 36
• 作者: Masako Oishi;Hiroaki Sato
• 通讯作者: Hiroaki Sato

A leafminer inhibiting early leaf abscission

潜叶蝇抑制早期叶片脱落

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Masako;Oishi;Hiroaki;Sato
• 通讯作者: Sato