Physiological and functional root traits that are related to drought tolerance and their genetic bases in crop plants

与作物耐旱性相关的根系生理和功能性状及其遗传基础

基本信息

批准号：
16380015
负责人：
YAMAUCHI Akira
金额：
$ 8.96万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380015/
关键词：
Chromosome segment substitution line drought osmotic adjustment Plasticity QTL Rice Root Root signal 過湿ストレスコムギ水ストレス細胞水透過性

项目摘要

Root signal productionA series of pot and field experiments showed that in rice plants, the decrease in stomatal conductance and the increase in ABA concentration in leaf and xylem exudates were detected earlier than apparently drop of leaf water potential under the conditions where a part of root system was exposed to drying conditions while the rest was accessible to water. Severing the roots in the drying soil resulted in recovery of the stomatal conductance as well as leaf water potential. These facts strongly suggest that ABA was produced in the roots in the dry soil and worked as root chemical signal, and regulated stomatal opening together with hydraulic signal that was also coming from the roots.Functional significance of root plasticity in drought adaptationFifty four Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSL) derived from Nipponbare and Kasalath created by the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences were used to examine developmental and physiological responses to drought stress, and we screened several lines that showed significant roles of plastic development of root system in plans' adaptation to the stress conditions. Those lines were backcrossed with Nipponbare to prepare materials for further genetic analysis and breeding. Further, several QTLs that are responsible for the lateral root plasticity were identified, and root osmotic adjustment as physiological basis for the plasticity was also studied. It was also found that there were NERICA (New Rice for Africa) lines in which such plastic root responses played key roles in the plants' growth under drought.Ability of oxygen transport in rootsBy using the CSSLs, we examined the rice plant adaptation to soil moisture fluctuations and screened several lines that showed adaptability through high ability in aerenchyma formation, oxygen transport to root tip, and plastic lateral root development under hydroponic, soil culture and field conditions.

根信号产生的锅和田间实验系列表明，在水稻植物中，在根系的一部分的条件下，在水稻植物中，叶和木质部渗出液的ABA浓度的降低和木质部渗出液的升高显然比叶水电位的滴落更早。在水中可以接触到干燥条件。切断干燥土壤中的根部导致气孔电导以及叶水电势的恢复。这些事实强烈表明ABA是在干燥土壤中的根部产生的，并用作根化学信号，并调节气孔和液压信号，也来自根源。国家农业生物学研究所创建的源自日本和卡萨拉特的线（CSSL）用于检查对干旱压力的发育和生理反应，我们筛选了几条线，这些线在计划中显示了塑料系统在计划中的重要作用压力条件。这些线条与Nipponbare进行了回击，以准备材料以进行进一步的遗传分析和繁殖。此外，还鉴定了几种负责侧根可塑性的QTL，还研究了根渗透调节作为可塑性的生理基础。还发现有NERICA（非洲的新大米），其中这种塑料根反应在干旱下在植物的生长中起着关键作用。使用CSSL在Rootsby中的氧气运输能力，我们检查了水稻植物对土壤的适应湿气波动并筛选了几条线，这些线通过空气教育形成的高能力，氧气传输到根尖，以及在水培，土壤培养和田间条件下的塑料侧向根发育。