Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals

利用纳米反应分析和天然纳米矿物对演化、环境问题和太阳系早期过程研究的影响

基本信息

批准号：
16340168
负责人：
AKAI Junji
金额：
$ 10.84万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We carried out examination on our research theme "Impact on researches of evolution, environmental problems and early processes of solar system by using nano-reaction analysis and natural nano-scale minerals." We, here, summarize the main results briefly.1) Evolution: we examined famous Precambrian samples from Gun Flint chert which is known to have world famous unicell- fossil-like structure and samples from Marble Bar chert. They were examined mineralogical methods. The former consists of three different mineral species. This result has already been reported.2) Environmental problem: we are now continuing research about arsenic contamination of ground water in some regions in the world. Recently we are focusing on Inner Mongolia region. Here, very characteristic sediments occur in relation to arsenic contamination of ground water. It is extremely black sand. We clarified the relationship between the color change and the dissolution of arsenic from the sediments. That is, black color is due to Iron sulfide-like materials coating on the sand surface, which is probably replaced with original iron oxide and/or hydroxides. The conditions correspond to extremely reductive environments which are produced by SRB activity. These results have been preliminarily reported. Another example about Earth's surface environment is Mn-nodules. Constituent mineral characteristics were examined and was clarified to be nano-scale structural fatures.3) Early solar system is related t meteorite samples. We carried out detailed TEM examination for carbon minerals cotained in carbonaceous chondrite. We found many nano-diamond grains and nano- to sub-micron scale organic materials in Antarctic meteorite. We discussed about the origins and relationship to classification of meteorite and characteristics of other carbon minerals. We are going to summarize them and to publish these data.Thus, important results have been obtained, this research year.

我们对研究主题“利用纳米反应分析和天然纳米矿物对太阳系演化、环境问题和早期过程研究的影响”进行了审查。我们在这里简要总结主要结果。1）进化：我们检查了来自Gun Flint燧石的著名前寒武纪样本，已知它具有世界著名的单细胞化石样结构，以及来自Marble Bar燧石的样本。他们接受了矿物学方法的检查。前者由三种不同的矿物组成。该结果已被报道。2）环境问题：目前我们正在继续研究世界上一些地区地下水的砷污染情况。最近我们重点关注内蒙古地区。在这里，出现了与地下水砷污染有关的非常典型的沉积物。这是非常黑的沙子。我们阐明了颜色变化与沉积物中砷溶出之间的关系。也就是说，黑色是由于砂表面覆盖有硫化铁类物质，其可能被原始的氧化铁和/或氢氧化物所取代。这些条件对应于 SRB 活动产生的极度还原环境。这些结果已被初步报道。关于地球表面环境的另一个例子是锰结核。对矿物成分特征进行了检验，并澄清为纳米级结构特征。3）早期太阳系与陨石样本有关。我们对碳质球粒陨石中所含的碳矿物进行了详细的 TEM 检查。我们在南极陨石中发现了许多纳米金刚石颗粒和纳米到亚微米级的有机材料。我们讨论了陨石的起源、与分类的关系以及其他碳矿物的特征。我们将对它们进行总结并发布这些数据。因此，今年的研究已经取得了重要的成果。