Developing a management system of animal manure to reduce greenhouse gas emission and water contamination

开发动物粪便管理系统以减少温室气体排放和水污染

基本信息

批准号：
15380160
负责人：
NOBORIO Kosuke
金额：
$ 10.24万
依托单位：
Meiji University (2005)Iwate University (2003-2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research was conducted at a reed canary grass field, where Andisol was predominant, applied with dairy cattle manure. Estimates of evapotranspiration in the field using an energy balance method were agreed well with those with the standard Bowen ratio method. The fluxes of greenhouse and other gases, N_2O, CO_2, CH_4, and NH_3, were continuously measured using the conditional sampling method. It was found that there were cyclic exchanges of N_2O and CO_2 gases between the atmosphere and the ground even in a snow accumulated season. By measuring the natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes, δ^<15>N, in ammonium-, NH_4^+-, and nitrate, NO_3^--, nitrogen, we found that just after the manure application the volatilization and nitrification of NH_3, immediately followed by denitrification, occurred. Thus, it was implied that the N_2O gas emission after the manure application was attributed to both the processes of nitrification and denitrification. As the rate of nitrification decreased w … More ith decreases in soil temperature, the N_2O gas flux observed during the snow accumulated season might be caused by denitification. We also found that the N_2O gas flux increased linearly with increases in soil water content. This might result in a large spike of N_2O gas flux occurred after rainfall events. As the adsorption of anions by the Andisol was evident, the anion adsorption might cause the relatively small amounts of anions transported to the groundwater. The year-round emission of N_2O gas from the grass field might be resulted from the denitrification of the NO_3^- ion adsorbed by Andisol. We evaluated that the N_2O gas emitted was approximately 17% of the total nitrogen applied. A large water flux in soil was observed during a thawing period in the early spring. Since soil water content affected the N_2O gas emission, further research is needed to understand the relationship between the freezing and thawing of soil and the emission of the greenhouse gases. A two-dimensional fully-coupled water, solute, and heat transport model was developed. We should consider the effect of animal manure on both water and atmospheric environments when we establish management practices for animal manure application to an agricultural field. Less

该研究是在芦苇金丝雀草田中进行的，其中Andisol 占主导地位，并施用了奶牛粪便。使用能量平衡法估算的田间蒸散量与使用标准鲍文比率法的估算结果非常吻合。采用条件采样法对N_2O、CO_2、CH_4和NH_3等其他气体进行连续测量,发现N_2O和CO_2存在循环交换。即使在积雪季节，大气和地面之间的气体也能通过测量铵- NH_4^+- 和硝酸盐NO_3^-- 氮中氮同位素δ^15N 的自然丰度，我们可以得出结论。发现施肥后NH_3发生挥发和硝化，随后发生反硝化，这表明施肥后N_2O气体排放量减少。归因于硝化和反硝化过程。随着土壤温度的降低，硝化速率降低，积雪季节观察到的N_2O气体通量可能是由反硝化作用引起的。与土壤含水量的增加呈线性关系，这可能导致降雨事件后 N_2O 气体通量出现大幅上升，因为 Andisol 对阴离子的吸附很明显，因此阴离子吸附可能会发生。导致草地常年排放的N_2O气体可能是由Andisol吸附的NO_3^-离子反硝化所致。我们估算排放的N_2O气体约为17。早春解冻期间土壤中观察到较大的水通量，由于土壤含水量影响N_2O气体排放，因此需要进一步研究以了解其关系。建立了土壤冻结和融化与温室气体排放之间的二维全耦合水、溶质和热传输模型，在建立时应考虑动物粪便对水和大气环境的影响。农田施用动物粪便的管理措施较少。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Measurement of Water and Nitrate Contents in Unsaturated Soil Using Time Domain Reflectometry

使用时域反射法测量非饱和土壤中的水和硝酸盐含量

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (in Japanese with an English absract) 783/VII-34
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kosuke Noborio;Naoya Satta;Kiyoshi Koga;Hidekazu Baba;Yoshiaki Mukaida
通讯作者：
Yoshiaki Mukaida

鉛直に挿入したTDRプローブを使って測定した土壌の溶質輸送特性

使用垂直插入的 TDR 探头测量土壤的溶质迁移特性

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
土壌の物理性 101
影响因子：
0
作者：
登尾浩助;徳本家康;向井田善朗
通讯作者：
向井田善朗

Estimating Thermal Diffusivity of Soil Packed in a Cylinder Using an Analytical Solution

使用分析解估算圆柱体土壤的热扩散率

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics (in Japanese with an English absract) 101
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kosuke Noborio;Ieyasu Tokumoto;Yoshiaki Mukaida
通讯作者：
Yoshiaki Mukaida

シリンダーに充填した土壌の熱拡散係数を簡易に推定する方法

一种估算圆柱体土壤热扩散率的简单方法