An observational study on the evaluation of snow-covered area by remotely-sensed data with different spatial resolutions and on the snowmelt-runoff analysis

不同空间分辨率遥感数据评价积雪面积及融雪径流分析观测研究

基本信息

批准号：
15300306
负责人：
MATSUYAMA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 6.78万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To accomplish the objectives of the present study, the concrete contents of the analyses and the results obtained are summarized as follows.1.The snow index recently proposed was calculated by Landsat/ETM+ and was applied to the coniferous forests in Tsunan-town in Niigata prefecture. The threshold of LAI (Leaf Area Index) to distinguish between snow and coniferous forests using the snow index was estimated based on in situ field survey. As a result, it was clarified that the snow index could discern snow from coniferous forests if LAI was smaller than 4.(Shimamura et al., 2006).2.Effects of differences of the processes of direct measurements of LAI and their combinations on the estimation of LAI for planted stands of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) were estimated by in situ field survey in Hinohara-village in Tokyo and Tsunan-town. The processes consist of selection of sample tree(s), sampling of leaves, and planimetry of leaf area. Each process has several methods, and th … More e differences of estimated LAI in each process were not so large. However, the accumulation of these differences led to as large as 40% of the estimated LAI, even in the planted stands of Japanese cedar which were taken care of such as pruning or thinning (Fujiwara et al., 2005).3.Snow surveys in Mt.Makihata and synchronized observations of the existence of snow with the passage of Landsat satellite were carried out in springs which made it possible to estimate the snow water resources in the Uono river above Muikamachi river discharge station. The estimated amount of snowmelt as revealed by the analyses of two scenes of Landsat/ETM+ was larger than the observed runoff. This implied the importance of precise analyses of snowmelt-runoff processes (Shimamura et al., 2005).4.The effect of the dependence of the satellite data on sun/sensor geometry (BRDF) for monitoring vegetation was evaluated. The vegetation in the succession stages after forest fire was investigated. The difference of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the value around 0.1-0.2 was caused by BRDF in relation to the sun/sensor geometry. Against BRDF, the reflectance of the near-infrared band normalized by the sum of other bands was most robust in the site where vegetation existed. Global Environmental Monitoring Index was most robust in the site where vegetation was scarce, while NDVI was strongly affected by BRDF in these sites (Hasegawa et al., 2006).5.The spatial representativity of the annual mean temperature of AMeDAS, which was important for snowmelt-runoff analyses, was investigated using the variogram. In the variogram, the value called as "range" was regarded as the measure of the spatial representativity. It was found that the annual mean temperature had the spatial representativity of at least 100km in all regions in Japan (Hadano et al., 2004). Less

为了实现本研究的目标，分析的混凝土含量和所获得的结果总结如下。1。最近提出的雪指数是由Landsat/etm+计算得出的，并应用于Niigata Predfector的Tsunan-Town的针叶林。 LAI（叶面积指数）的阈值使用雪指数区分雪和针叶林的阈值是根据原位野外调查估算的。结果，可以澄清的是，如果LAI小于4。 LAI直接测量过程的差异及其组合对日本雪松林（Cryptomeria japonica d.don）的LAI估计的影响，通过在东京和Tsunan-town的Hinohara-village进行现场野外调查来估计。该过程包括选择样品树的选择，叶子的采样和叶面积的平面法。每个过程都有几种方法，并且在每个过程中估计的LAI的更多差异都不是那么大。 However, the accumulation of these differences led to as large as 40% of the estimated LAI, even in the planted stands of Japanese cedar which were taken care of such as pruning or thinning (Fujiwara et al., 2005).3.Snow surveys in Mt.Makihata and synchronized observations of the existence of snow with the passage of Landsat satellite were carried out in springs which made it possible to estimate Muikamachi河排放站上方的Uono河的雪水资源。通过对Landsat/ETM+的两个场景的分析所揭示的估计融雪量大于观察到的径流。这意味着对融雪跑步过程进行精确分析的重要性（Shimamura等，2005）.4。评估卫星数据对太阳/传感器几何形状（BRDF）对监测植被的依赖性的影响。研究森林大火后，成功阶段的植被。在0.1-0.2左右的值的归一化差异指数（NDVI）的差异是由BRDF与太阳/传感器几何形状相关的。反对BRDF，在存在植被的地点中，通过其他带的总和的近红外带的反射率最强。在植被稀缺的地点，全球环境监测指数是最强大的，而NDVI在这些地点受到BRDF的强烈影响（Hasegawa等，2006）。5。使用该品种研究了AMEDAS年平均温度的空间表示，这对于雪地跑分析非常重要。在该品种中，称为“范围”的值被视为空间表示的测量。发现日本所有地区的年平均温度至少具有至少100公里的空间表示（Hadano等，2004）。较少的